trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector

(Not recommended) Train Faster R-CNN deep learning object detector

trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector is not recommended. Instead, use a different type of object detector, such as a yoloxObjectDetector or yolov4ObjectDetector detector. For more information, see Version History.

Syntax

trainedDetector = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(trainingData,network,options)

[trainedDetector,info] = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(___)

trainedDetector = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(trainingData,checkpoint,options)

trainedDetector = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(trainingData,detector,options)

trainedDetector = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(___,Name,Value)

Description

Train a Detector

trainedDetector = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(trainingData,network,options) trains a Faster R-CNN (regions with convolution neural networks) object detector using deep learning. You can train a Faster R-CNN detector to detect multiple object classes.

This function requires that you have Deep Learning Toolbox™. It is recommended that you also have Parallel Computing Toolbox™ to use with a CUDA^®-enabled NVIDIA^® GPU. For information about the supported compute capabilities, see GPU Computing Requirements (Parallel Computing Toolbox).

[trainedDetector,info] = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(___) also returns information on the training progress, such as training loss and accuracy, for each iteration.

Resume Training a Detector

trainedDetector = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(trainingData,checkpoint,options) resumes training from a detector checkpoint.

Fine-Tune a Detector

trainedDetector = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(trainingData,detector,options) continues training a Faster R-CNN object detector with additional fine-tuning options. Use this syntax with additional training data or to perform more training iterations to improve detector accuracy.

Additional Properties

trainedDetector = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(___,Name,Value) uses additional options specified by one or more Name,Value pair arguments and any of the previous inputs.

Examples

Train Faster R-CNN Vehicle Detector

Load training data.

data = load('fasterRCNNVehicleTrainingData.mat');

trainingData = data.vehicleTrainingData;

trainingData.imageFilename = fullfile(toolboxdir('vision'),'visiondata', ...
    trainingData.imageFilename);

Randomly shuffle data for training.

rng(0);
shuffledIdx = randperm(height(trainingData));
trainingData = trainingData(shuffledIdx,:);

Create an image datastore using the files from the table.

imds = imageDatastore(trainingData.imageFilename);

Create a box label datastore using the label columns from the table.

blds = boxLabelDatastore(trainingData(:,2:end));

Combine the datastores.

ds = combine(imds, blds);

Set up the network layers.

lgraph = layerGraph(data.detector.Network);

Configure training options.

 options = trainingOptions('sgdm', ...
      'MiniBatchSize', 1, ...
      'InitialLearnRate', 1e-3, ...
      'MaxEpochs', 7, ...
      'VerboseFrequency', 200, ...
      'CheckpointPath', tempdir);

Train detector. Training will take a few minutes. Adjust the NegativeOverlapRange and PositiveOverlapRange to ensure training samples tightly overlap with ground truth.

detector = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(ds, lgraph, options, ...
        'NegativeOverlapRange',[0 0.3], ...
        'PositiveOverlapRange',[0.6 1]);

*************************************************************************
Training a Faster R-CNN Object Detector for the following object classes:

* vehicle

Training on single GPU.
Initializing input data normalization.
|=============================================================================================================================================|
|  Epoch  |  Iteration  |  Time Elapsed  |  Mini-batch  |  Mini-batch  |  Mini-batch  |  RPN Mini-batch  |  RPN Mini-batch  |  Base Learning  |
|         |             |   (hh:mm:ss)   |     Loss     |   Accuracy   |     RMSE     |     Accuracy     |       RMSE       |      Rate       |
|=============================================================================================================================================|
|       1 |           1 |       00:00:00 |       0.8771 |       97.30% |         0.83 |           91.41% |             0.71 |          0.0010 |
|       1 |         200 |       00:01:15 |       0.5324 |      100.00% |         0.15 |           88.28% |             0.70 |          0.0010 |
|       2 |         400 |       00:02:40 |       0.4732 |      100.00% |         0.15 |           92.19% |             0.63 |          0.0010 |
|       3 |         600 |       00:04:03 |       0.4776 |       97.14% |         0.09 |           96.88% |             0.59 |          0.0010 |
|       3 |         800 |       00:05:23 |       0.5269 |       97.44% |         0.18 |           89.06% |             0.68 |          0.0010 |
|       4 |        1000 |       00:06:44 |       0.9749 |      100.00% |              |           85.16% |             1.00 |          0.0010 |
|       5 |        1200 |       00:08:07 |       1.1952 |       97.62% |         0.13 |           77.34% |             1.27 |          0.0010 |
|       5 |        1400 |       00:09:24 |       0.6577 |      100.00% |              |           76.38% |             0.72 |          0.0010 |
|       6 |        1600 |       00:10:46 |       0.6951 |      100.00% |              |           90.62% |             0.94 |          0.0010 |
|       7 |        1800 |       00:12:08 |       0.5341 |       96.08% |         0.09 |           86.72% |             0.53 |          0.0010 |
|       7 |        2000 |       00:13:26 |       0.3333 |      100.00% |         0.12 |           94.53% |             0.61 |          0.0010 |
|       7 |        2065 |       00:13:52 |       1.0564 |      100.00% |              |           71.09% |             1.23 |          0.0010 |
|=============================================================================================================================================|
Detector training complete.
*******************************************************************

Test the Faster R-CNN detector on a test image.

img = imread('highway.png');

Run the detector.

[bbox, score, label] = detect(detector,img);

Display detection results.

detectedImg = insertShape(img,'Rectangle',bbox);
figure
imshow(detectedImg)

Input Arguments

trainingData — Labeled ground truth

datastore | table

Labeled ground truth, specified as a datastore or a table.

Each bounding box must be in the format [x y width height].

• If you use a datastore, your data must be set up so that calling the datastore with the read and readall functions returns a cell array or table with two or three columns. When the output contains two columns, the first column must contain bounding boxes, and the second column must contain labels, {boxes,labels}. When the output contains three columns, the second column must contain the bounding boxes, and the third column must contain the labels. In this case, the first column can contain any type of data. For example, the first column can contain images or point cloud data.

  data	boxes	labels
  The first column must be images.	M-by-4 matrices of bounding boxes of the form [x, y, width, height], where [x,y] represent the top-left coordinates of the bounding box.	The third column must be a cell array that contains M-by-1 categorical vectors containing object class names. All categorical data returned by the datastore must contain the same categories.

  For more information, see Datastores for Deep Learning (Deep Learning Toolbox).

• If you use a table, the table must have two or more columns. The first column of the table must contain image file names with paths. The images must be grayscale or truecolor (RGB) and they can be in any format supported by imread. Each of the remaining columns must be a cell vector that contains M-by-4 matrices that represent a single object class, such as vehicle, flower, or stop sign. The columns contain 4-element double arrays of M bounding boxes in the format [x,y,width,height]. The format specifies the upper-left corner location and size of the bounding box in the corresponding image. To create a ground truth table, you can use the Image Labeler app or Video Labeler app. To create a table of training data from the generated ground truth, use the objectDetectorTrainingData function.

  

network — Network

SeriesNetwork object | array of Layer objects | LayerGraph object | network name

Network, specified as a SeriesNetwork (Deep Learning Toolbox), an array of Layer (Deep Learning Toolbox) objects, a layerGraph (Deep Learning Toolbox) object, or by the network name. The network is trained to classify the object classes defined in the trainingData table. To use SeriesNetwork (Deep Learning Toolbox), Layer (Deep Learning Toolbox), and layerGraph (Deep Learning Toolbox) objects, you must have Deep Learning Toolbox.

• When you specify the network as a SeriesNetwork, an array of Layer objects, or by the network name, the function transforms the network into a Faster R-CNN network by adding a region proposal network (RPN), an ROI max pooling layer, and new classification and regression layers to support object detection. Additionally, the GridSize property of the ROI max pooling layer is set to the output size of the last max pooling layer in the network.

• The array of Layer (Deep Learning Toolbox) objects must contain a classification layer that supports the number of object classes, plus a background class. Use this input type to customize the learning rates of each layer. An example of an array of Layer (Deep Learning Toolbox) objects follows:

  layers = [imageInputLayer([28 28 3])
          convolution2dLayer([5 5],10)
          reluLayer()
          fullyConnectedLayer(10)
          softmaxLayer()
          classificationLayer()];
  

• When you specify the network as SeriesNetwork object, Layer array, or by the network name, the weights for additional convolution and fully connected layers are initialized to 'narrow-normal'. The function adds these weights to create the network.

• The network name must be one of the following valid network names. You must also install the corresponding add-on.

  Network Name	Feature Extraction Layer Name	ROI Pooling Layer OutputSize	Description
  alexnet (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'relu5'	[6 6]	Last max pooling layer is replaced by ROI max pooling layer
  vgg16 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'relu5_3'	[7 7]
  vgg19 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'relu5_4'
  squeezenet (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'fire5-concat'	[14 14]
  resnet18 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'res4b_relu'		ROI pooling layer is inserted after the feature extraction layer.
  resnet50 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'activation_40_relu'
  resnet101 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'res4b22_relu'
  googlenet (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'inception_4d-output'
  mobilenetv2 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'block_13_expand_relu'
  inceptionv3 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'mixed7'	[17 17]
  inceptionresnetv2 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'block17_20_ac'

• The LayerGraph object must be a valid Faster R-CNN object detection network. You can use the fasterRCNNLayers function to create a LayerGraph object to train a custom Faster R-CNN network.

  Tip

  If your network is a DAGNetwork, use the layerGraph (Deep Learning Toolbox) function to convert the network to a LayerGraph object. Then, create a custom Faster R-CNN network as described by the Create Faster R-CNN Object Detection Network example.

For more information on creating a Faster R-CNN network, see Getting Started with R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, and Faster R-CNN.

options — Training options

trainingOptions output

Training options, returned by the trainingOptions (Deep Learning Toolbox) function (requires Deep Learning Toolbox). To specify solver and other options for network training, use trainingOptions.

Note

trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector does not support these training options:

• Datastore inputs are not supported when you set the DispatchInBackground training option to true.

Additionally, the function does not support the following training options if you use a combined datastore input:

• 'once' and 'every-epoch' values for 'Shuffle' argument

• 'parallel' and 'multi-gpu' values for 'ExecutionEnvironment' argument

checkpoint — Saved detector checkpoint

fasterRCNNObjectDetector object

Saved detector checkpoint, specified as a fasterRCNNObjectDetector object. To periodically save a detector checkpoint during training, specify CheckpointPath. To control how frequently check points are saved see the CheckPointFrequency and CheckPointFrequencyUnit training options.

To load a checkpoint for a previously trained detector, load the MAT-file from the checkpoint path. For example, if the 'CheckpointPath' property of options is '/tmp', load a checkpoint MAT-file using:

data = load('/tmp/faster_rcnn_checkpoint__105__2016_11_18__14_25_08.mat');

The name of the MAT-file includes the iteration number and a timestamp indicating when the detector checkpoint was saved. The detector is saved in the detector variable of the file. Pass this file back into the trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector function:

frcnn = trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector(stopSigns,...
                           data.detector,options);

detector — Previously trained Faster R-CNN object detector

fasterRCNNObjectDetector object

Previously trained Faster R-CNN object detector, specified as a fasterRCNNObjectDetector object. Use this syntax to continue training a detector with additional training data or to perform more training iterations to improve detector accuracy.

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: "PositiveOverlapRange",[0.75 1]

TrainingMethod — Training method

'end-to-end' (default) | 'four-step'

Training method, specified as 'end-to-end' or 'four-step'.

• 'end-to-end' — Simultaneously train the region proposal and region classification subnetworks.

• 'four-step' — Separately train the region proposal and region classification subnetworks in four steps.

PositiveOverlapRange — Bounding box overlap ratios for positive training samples

[0.5 1] (default) | 2-by-2 matrix | 4-by-2 matrix

Bounding box overlap ratios for positive training samples, specified as one of the following:

• A 2-element vector that specifies an identical overlap ratio for all four training stages.

• A 2-by-2 matrix, used only for the end-to-end training method. The first row of the matrix defines the overlap ratios for the region proposal subnetwork. The second row defines the overlap ratios for the region classification subnetwork.

• A 4-by-2 matrix, used only for the four-step training method. Each row of the matrix specifies the overlap ratio for each of the four training stages.

Values are in the range [0,1]. Region proposals that overlap with ground truth bounding boxes within the specified range are used as positive training samples.

The overlap ratio used for both the PositiveOverlapRange and NegativeOverlapRange is defined as:

$$\frac{area(A\cap B)}{area(A\cup B)}$$

A and B are bounding boxes.

NegativeOverlapRange — Bounding box overlap ratios for negative training samples

[0.1 0.5] (default) | 2-element vector | 4-by-2 matrix

Bounding box overlap ratios for negative training samples, specified as one of the following.

• A 2-element vector that specifies the overlap ratio.

• A 2-by-2 matrix, used only for the end-to-end training method. The first row of the matrix defines the overlap ratios for the region proposal subnetwork. The second row defines the overlap ratios for the region classification subnetwork.

• A 4-by-2 matrix, used only for the four-step training method. Each row of the matrix specifies the overlap ratio for each of the four training stages.

Values are in the range [0,1]. Region proposals that overlap with the ground truth bounding boxes within the specified range are used as negative training samples.

The overlap ratio used for both the PositiveOverlapRange and NegativeOverlapRange is defined as:

$$\frac{area(A\cap B)}{area(A\cup B)}$$

A and B are bounding boxes.

NumStrongestRegions — Maximum number of strongest region proposals

2000 (default) | positive integer | two-element vector

Maximum number of strongest region proposals to use for generating training samples, specified as a positive integer. Reduce this value to speed up processing time at the cost of training accuracy. To use all region proposals, set this value to Inf.

NumRegionsToSample — Number of region proposals

128 (default) | integer | 1-by-2 vector | 1-by-4 vector

Number of region proposals to randomly sample from each training image, specified as an integer, 1-by-2 vector, or a 1-by-4 vector. Use the 1-by-2 vector for end-to-end training. Use the 1-by-4 vector for the four-step training. Reduce the number of regions to sample to reduce memory usage and speed up training. Reducing the value can also decrease training accuracy.

When you set 'TrainingMethod' to 'end-to-end', the number of region proposals can be set to a 1-by-2 vector. The first element of the vector must be the number of regions sampled for the region proposal subnetwork. The second element must be the number of regions sampled for the region classification subnetwork.

When you set TrainingMethod to 'four-step', the number of region proposals can be set to a 1-by-4 vector. The i^th element specifies the number of regions to sample for the i^th training step.

SmallestImageDimension — Length of smallest image dimension

[] (default) | positive integer

Length of the smallest image dimension, either width or height, specified as a positive integer. Training images are resized such that the length of the shortest dimension is equal to the specified integer. By default, training images are not resized. Resizing training images helps reduce computational costs and memory used when training images are large. Typical values range from 400–600 pixels.

Dependencies

• The SmallestImageDimension property supports only table input training data. To resize the input data of a datastore input, use the transform function.

MinBoxSizes — Minimum anchor box sizes

'auto' (default) | m-by-2 matrix

Minimum anchor box sizes for building the anchor box pyramid of the region proposal network (RPN), specified as an m-by-2 matrix. Each row defines the [height width] of an anchor box.

The default 'auto' setting uses the minimum size and the median aspect ratio from the bounding boxes for each class in the ground truth data. To remove redundant box sizes, the function keeps boxes that have an intersection-over-union value that is less than or equal to 0.5. This behavior ensures that the minimum number of anchor boxes is used to cover all the object sizes and aspect ratios.

When anchor boxes are computed based on MinBoxSizes, the i^th anchor box size is:

round(MinBoxSizes(i,:) .* BoxPyramidScale ,^ (0:NumBoxPyramidLevels-1)')

Dependencies

• You cannot use this property if you specify the network as a LayerGraph object or if you resume training from a detector checkpoint.

• The MinBoxSizes property supports only input training in table format. To estimate anchor boxes for a datastore input, use the estimateAnchorBoxes function.

BoxPyramidScale — Anchor box pyramid scale

2 (default) | scalar

Anchor box pyramid scale factor used to successively upscale anchor box sizes, specified as a scalar. Recommended values are from 1 through 2. Increase this value for faster results. Decrease the number for greater accuracy.

Dependencies

• The BoxPyramidScale property supports only input training data in table format. To estimate anchor boxes for a datastore input, use the estimateAnchorBoxes function.

NumBoxPyramidLevels — Number of anchor box pyramid levels

'auto' (default) | scalar

Number of levels in an anchor box pyramid, specified as a scalar. Select a value that ensures that the multiscale anchor boxes are comparable in size to the size of objects in the ground truth data.

The default setting 'auto' selects the number of levels based on the size of objects within the ground truth data. The number of levels is selected such that it covers the range of object sizes.

Dependencies

• The NumBoxPyramidLevels property supports only input training data in table format. To estimate anchor boxes for a datastore input, use the estimateAnchorBoxes function.

FreezeBatchNormalization — Frozen batch normalization

true (default) | false

Frozen batch normalization during training, specified as true or false. The value indicates whether to freeze the input layers to the network during training. Set this value to true if you are training with a small mini-batch size. Small batch sizes result in poor estimates of the batch mean and variance, which are required for effective batch normalization.

If you do not specify a value for FreezeBatchNormalization, the function sets the property to:

• true if the MiniBatchSize name-value argument for the trainingOptions (Deep Learning Toolbox) function is less than 8.

• false if the MiniBatchSize name-value argument for the trainingOptions (Deep Learning Toolbox) function is greater than or equal to 8.

You must specify a value for FreezeBatchNormalization to overide this default behavior.

ExperimentManager — Detector training experiment monitoring

'none' (default) | experiments.Monitor object

Detector training experiment monitoring, specified as an experiments.Monitor (Deep Learning Toolbox) object for use with the Experiment Manager (Deep Learning Toolbox) app. You can use this object to track the progress of training, update information fields in the training results table, record values of the metrics used by the training, and to produce training plots. For an example using this app, see Train Object Detectors in Experiment Manager.

Information monitored during training:

• Training loss at each iteration.

• Training accuracy at each iteration.

• Training root mean square error (RMSE) for the box regression layer.

• Learning rate at each iteration.

Validation information when the training options input contains validation data:

• Validation loss at each iteration.

• Validation accuracy at each iteration.

• Validation RMSE at each iteration.

Output Arguments

trainedDetector — Trained Faster R-CNN object detector

fasterRCNNObjectDetector object

Trained Faster R-CNN object detector, returned as a fasterRCNNObjectDetector object.

info — Training progress information

structure array

Training progress information, returned as a structure array with eight fields. Each field corresponds to a stage of training.

• TrainingLoss — Training loss at each iteration is the mean squared error (MSE) calculated as the sum of localization error, confidence loss, and classification loss. For more information about the training loss function, see YOLO v2 Training Loss.

• TrainingAccuracy — Training set accuracy at each iteration.

• TrainingRMSE — Training root mean squared error (RMSE) is the RMSE calculated from the training loss at each iteration.

• BaseLearnRate — Learning rate at each iteration.

• ValidationLoss — Validation loss at each iteration.

• ValidationAccuracy — Validation accuracy at each iteration.

• ValidationRMSE — Validation RMSE at each iteration.

• FinalValidationLoss — Final validation loss at end of the training.

• FinalValidationRMSE — Final validation RMSE at end of the training.

Each field is a numeric vector with one element per training iteration. Values that have not been calculated at a specific iteration are assigned as NaN. The struct contains ValidationLoss, ValidationAccuracy, ValidationRMSE, FinalValidationLoss, and FinalValidationRMSE fields only when options specifies validation data.

Tips

• To accelerate data preprocessing for training, trainFastRCNNObjectDetector automatically creates and uses a parallel pool based on your parallel preference settings. For more details about setting these preferences, see parallel preference settings. Using parallel computing preferences requires Parallel Computing Toolbox.

• VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet-101, and Inception-ResNet-v2 are large models. Training with large images can produce "out-of-memory" errors. To mitigate these errors, try one or more of these options:

  • Reduce the size of your images by using the 'SmallestImageDimension' argument.

  • Decrease the value of the 'NumRegionsToSample' name-value argument.

• This function supports transfer learning. When you input a network by name, such as 'resnet50', then the function automatically transforms the network into a valid Faster R-CNN network model based on the pretrained resnet50 (Deep Learning Toolbox) model. Alternatively, manually specify a custom Faster R-CNN network by using the LayerGraph (Deep Learning Toolbox) extracted from a pretrained DAG network. For more details, see Create Faster R-CNN Object Detection Network.

• This table describes how to transform each named network into a Faster R-CNN network. The feature extraction layer name specifies the layer for processing by the ROI pooling layer. The ROI output size specifies the size of the feature maps output by the ROI pooling layer.

  Network Name	Feature Extraction Layer Name	ROI Pooling Layer OutputSize	Description
  alexnet (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'relu5'	[6 6]	Last max pooling layer is replaced by ROI max pooling layer
  vgg16 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'relu5_3'	[7 7]
  vgg19 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'relu5_4'
  squeezenet (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'fire5-concat'	[14 14]
  resnet18 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'res4b_relu'		ROI pooling layer is inserted after the feature extraction layer.
  resnet50 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'activation_40_relu'
  resnet101 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'res4b22_relu'
  googlenet (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'inception_4d-output'
  mobilenetv2 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'block_13_expand_relu'
  inceptionv3 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'mixed7'	[17 17]
  inceptionresnetv2 (Deep Learning Toolbox)	'block17_20_ac'

  For information on modifying how a network is transformed into a Faster R-CNN network, see Design an R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, and a Faster R-CNN Model.

• During training, multiple image regions are processed from the training images The number of image regions per image is controlled by the NumRegionsToSample property. The PositiveOverlapRange and NegativeOverlapRange properties control which image regions are used for training. Positive training samples are those that overlap with the ground truth boxes by 0.6 to 1.0, as measured by the bounding box intersection-over-union metric (IoU). Negative training samples are those that overlap by 0 to 0.3. Choose values for these properties by testing the trained detector on a validation set.

  Overlap Values	Description
  PositiveOverlapRange set to [0.6 1]	Positive training samples are set equal to the samples that overlap with the ground truth boxes by 0.6 to 1.0, measured by the bounding box IoU metric.
  NegativeOverlapRange set to [0 0.3]	Negative training samples are set equal to the samples that overlap with the ground truth boxes by 0 to 0.3.

  If you set PositiveOverlapRange to [0.6 1], then the function sets the positive training samples equal to the samples that overlap with the ground truth boxes by 0.6 to 1.0, measured by the bounding box IoU metric. If you set NegativeOverlapRange to [0 0.3], then the function sets the negative training samples equal to the samples that overlap with the ground truth boxes by 0 to 0.3.

• Use the trainingOptions (Deep Learning Toolbox) function to enable or disable verbose printing.

References

[1] Ren, S., K. He, R. Girschick, and J. Sun. "Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. Vol. 28, 2015.

[2] Girshick, R. "Fast R-CNN." Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 1440-1448. Santiago, Chile: IEEE, 2015.

[3] Girshick, R., J. Donahue, T. Darrell, and J. Malik. "Rich Feature Hierarchies for Accurate Object Detection and Semantic Segmentation." Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 580-587. Columbus, OH: IEEE, 2014.

[4] Zitnick, C. L., and P. Dollar. "Edge Boxes: Locating Object Proposals from Edges." Computer Vision-ECCV 2014, 391-405. Zurich, Switzerland: ECCV, 2014.

Extended Capabilities

Automatic Parallel Support

Accelerate code by automatically running computation in parallel using Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

To run in parallel, set 'UseParallel' to true or enable this by default using the Computer Vision Toolbox™ preferences.

For more information, see Parallel Computing Toolbox Support.

Version History

Introduced in R2017a

R2024b: Not Recommended

Starting in R2024b, R-CNN object detectors are no longer recommended. Instead, use a different type of object detector, such as a yoloxObjectDetector or yolov4ObjectDetector object. These object detectors are faster than R-CNN object detectors. For more information, see Choose an Object Detector.

R2019b: Default Training Method

Starting in R2019b, by default, the trainFasterRCNNObjectDetector function uses the end-to-end method for training a detector.

In previous releases, the default training method used the "four-step" method. To preserve compatibility, set the TrainingMethod property to 'four-step'.