dsp.DigitalUpConverter

Interpolate digital signal and translate it from baseband to IF band

Description

The dsp.DigitalUpConverter System object™ interpolates a digital signal, and translates it from baseband to intermediate frequency (IF) band.

To digitally upconvert the input signal:

1. Create the dsp.DigitalUpConverter object and set its properties.

2. Call the object with arguments, as if it were a function.

To learn more about how System objects work, see What Are System Objects?

This object supports C/C++ code generation and SIMD code generation under certain conditions. For more information, see Code Generation.

Creation

Syntax

upConv = dsp.DigitalUpConverter

upConv = dsp.DigitalUpConverter(Name=Value)

Description

upConv = dsp.DigitalUpConverter returns a digital up-converter (DUC) System object, upConv.

upConv = dsp.DigitalUpConverter(Name=Value) returns a DUC System object with the specified property Name set to the specified value Value. You can specify one or more name-value pair arguments in any order as (Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN). For example, create an object that upsamples the input signal by a factor of 20, using a filter with the specified qualities.

upConv = dsp.DigitalUpConverter(InterpolationFactor=20,...
SampleRate=Fs,...
Bandwidth=2e3,...
StopbandAttenuation=55,...
PassbandRipple=0.2,...
CenterFrequency=50e3);

Properties

Unless otherwise indicated, properties are nontunable, which means you cannot change their values after calling the object. Objects lock when you call them, and the release function unlocks them.

If a property is tunable, you can change its value at any time.

For more information on changing property values, see System Design in MATLAB Using System Objects.

InterpolationFactor — Interpolation factor

100 (default) | positive integer | vector of positive integers

Interpolation factor, specified as a positive integer, or a 1-by-2 or 1-by-3 vector of positive integers.

When you set this property to a scalar the object automatically chooses the interpolation factors for each of the three filtering stages.

When you set this property to a 1-by-2 vector, the object bypasses the first filter stage and sets the interpolation factor of the second and third filtering stages to the values in the first and second vector elements, respectively. Both elements of this InterpolationFactor vector must be greater than 1.

When you set this property to a 1-by-3 vector, the ith element of the vector specifies the interpolation factor for the ith filtering stage. The second and third elements of this InterpolationFactor vector must be greater than 1 and the first element must equal 1 or 2.

Data Types: double

MinimumOrderDesign — Minimum order filter design

true (default) | false

Minimum order filter design, specified as true or false.

When you set this property to true, the object designs filters with the minimum order that meets the passband ripple, stopband attenuation, passband frequency, and stopband frequency specifications that you set using the PassbandRipple, StopbandAttenuation, Bandwidth, StopbandFrequencySource, and StopbandFrequency properties.

When you set this property to false, the object designs filters with orders that you specify in the FirstFilterOrder, SecondFilterOrder, and NumCICSections properties. The filter designs meet the passband and stopband frequency specifications that you set using the Bandwidth, StopbandFrequencySource, and StopbandFrequency properties.

Data Types: logical

SecondFilterOrder — Order of CIC compensation filter stage

12 (default) | positive integer

Order of CIC compensation filter stage, specified as a positive integer.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the MinimumOrderDesign property to false.

Data Types: double

FirstFilterOrder — Order of first filter stage

10 (default) | positive even integer

Order of first filter stage, specified as a positive even integer.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the MinimumOrderDesign property to false. When you set the InterpolationFactor property to a 1-by-2 vector, the object ignores the FirstFilterOrder property, because the first filter stage is bypassed.

Data Types: double

NumCICSections — Number of sections of CIC interpolator

3 (default) | positive integer

Number of sections of CIC interpolator, specified as a positive integer.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the MinimumOrderDesign property to false.

Data Types: double

Bandwidth — Two-sided bandwidth of input signal in Hz

200000 (default) | positive integer

Two-sided bandwidth BW of the input signal, specified as a positive integer in Hz or in normalized frequency units (since R2024b). The object sets the passband frequency of the cascade of filters to half of the value that you specify in this Bandwidth property.

Data Types: double

StopbandFrequencySource — Source of stopband frequency

Auto (default) | Property

Source of the stopband frequency, specified as Auto or Property.

When you set this property to Auto and set:

• NormalizedFrequency to false –– The object places the cutoff frequency of the cascade filter response at approximately F_c = Fs/2 Hz and computes the stopband frequency as F_stop = F_c + TW/2. TW is the transition bandwidth of the cascade response, computed as 2×(F_c–F_p). F_p is the passband frequency computed by BW/2, where BW is the two-sided bandwidth of the input signal.

• NormalizedFrequency to true –– The object places the cutoff frequency of the cascade filter response at approximately F_c = 1/L, where L is the total interpolation factor specified in the InterpolationFactor property, and computes the stopband frequency as F_stop = F_c + TW/2. TW is the transition bandwidth of the cascade response, computed as 2×(F_c–F_p), and the passband frequency F_p equals BW/2, where BW is the two-sided bandwidth of the input signal.

When you set this property to Property, you can specify the stopband frequency value using the StopbandFrequency property.

StopbandFrequency — Stopband frequency

150000 (default) | positive scalar

Stopband frequency F_stop, specified as a positive scalar in Hz or in normalized frequency units (since R2024b).

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the StopbandFrequencySource property to Property.

Data Types: double

PassbandRipple — Passband ripple of cascade response in dB

0.1 (default) | positive scalar

Passband ripple of cascade response in dB, specified as a positive scalar. When you set the MinimumOrderDesign property to true, the object designs the filters so that the cascade response meets the passband ripple that you specify in this PassbandRipple property.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the MinimumOrderDesign property to true.

Data Types: double

StopbandAttenuation — Stopband attenuation of cascade response in dB

60 (default) | positive scalar

Stopband attenuation of cascade response in dB, specified as a positive scalar. When you set the MinimumOrderDesign property to true, the object designs the filters so that the cascade response meets the stopband attenuation that you specify in this StopbandAttenuation property.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the MinimumOrderDesign property to true.

Data Types: double

Oscillator — Type of oscillator

Sine wave (default) | NCO

Type of oscillator, specified as one of these:

• Sine wave –– The object frequency-upconverts the output of the interpolation filter cascade by using a complex exponential signal obtained from samples of a sinusoidal trigonometric function.

• NCO –– The object frequency-upconverts the output by using a complex exponential obtained from a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO).

CenterFrequency — Center frequency of output signal in Hz

14000000 (default) | positive scalar

Center frequency of the output signal Fc, specified as a positive scalar in Hz or in normalized frequency units (since R2024b). The value of this property must be less than or equal to half the product of the SampleRate property and the total interpolation factor. The object upconverts the input signal so that the output spectrum centers at the frequency you specify in the CenterFrequency property.

Data Types: double

NormalizedFrequency — Option to set frequencies in normalized units

false (default) | true

Since R2024b

Option to set frequencies in normalized units, specified as one of these values:

• true –– The center frequency, stopband frequency, and bandwidth must be in the normalized frequency units (0 to 1).

  When you set the NormalizedFrequency property to true while creating the object and you do not set the frequency specifications, the object automatically sets the default values to normalized frequency units. The object computes the frequencies in normalized units by normalizing the absolute frequency values in Hz with respect to the output sample rate, Fs×L, where L is the interpolation factor.

  duc = dsp.DigitalUpConverter(NormalizedFrequency=true)
  

  duc = 
    dsp.DigitalUpConverter with properties:
  
          InterpolationFactor: 100
           MinimumOrderDesign: true
                    Bandwidth: 0.0133
      StopbandFrequencySource: 'Auto'
               PassbandRipple: 0.1000
          StopbandAttenuation: 60
                   Oscillator: 'Sine wave'
              CenterFrequency: 0.9333
          NormalizedFrequency: true
  

  When you set the NormalizedFrequency property to true after you create the object, you must specify the center frequency, stopband frequency, and bandwidth in normalized units before you run the object algorithm.

  duc = dsp.DigitalUpConverter

  duc = 
    dsp.DigitalUpConverter with properties:
  
          InterpolationFactor: 100
           MinimumOrderDesign: true
                    Bandwidth: 200000
      StopbandFrequencySource: 'Auto'
               PassbandRipple: 0.1000
          StopbandAttenuation: 60
                   Oscillator: 'Sine wave'
              CenterFrequency: 14000000
          NormalizedFrequency: false
                   SampleRate: 300000
  

  To specify the normalized frequency values, set NormalizedFrequency to true and manually convert the frequency values in Hz to the normalized values using the output sample rate in Hz, Fs×L. The bandwidth value in normalized units is BW_Hz/(Fs×L/2), the center frequency in normalized units is F_cHz/(Fs×L/2), and the stopband frequency in normalized units is F_stopHz/(Fs×L/2).

  duc = dsp.DigitalUpConverter;
  duc.NormalizedFrequency = true;
  duc.Bandwidth = 200000/(300e3*100/2);
  duc.CenterFrequency = 14e6/(300e3*100/2)
  

  duc = 
    dsp.DigitalUpConverter with properties:
  
          InterpolationFactor: 100
           MinimumOrderDesign: true
                    Bandwidth: 0.0133
      StopbandFrequencySource: 'Auto'
               PassbandRipple: 0.1000
          StopbandAttenuation: 60
                   Oscillator: 'Sine wave'
              CenterFrequency: 0.9333
          NormalizedFrequency: true
  

• false –– The bandwidth, stopband frequency, and center frequency values are in Hz. You can specify the input sample rate through the SampleRate property.

Data Types: logical

SampleRate — Sample rate of input signal

300000 (default) | positive scalar

Sample rate of the input signal Fs, specified as a positive scalar value. The value of this property multiplied by the total interpolation factor must be greater than or equal to twice the value of the CenterFrequency property.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set NormalizedFrequency to false. (since R2024b)

Data Types: single | double

NCO Properties

NumAccumulatorBits — Number of NCO accumulator bits

16 (default) | integer in the range [1, 128]

Number of NCO accumulator bits, specified as an integer in the range [1,128]. For more details, see the dsp.NCO System object.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the Oscillator property to NCO.

Data Types: double

NumQuantizedAccumulatorBits — Number of NCO accumulator bits

12 (default) | integer in the range [1, 128]

Number of NCO accumulator bits, specified as an integer in the range [1,128]. The value you specify for this property must be less than the value you specify in the NumAccumulatorBits property. For more details, see the dsp.NCO System object.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the Oscillator property to NCO.

Data Types: double

Dither — Dither control for NCO

true (default) | false

Dither control for NCO, specified as true or false. When you set this property to true, the object uses the number of dither bits specified in the NumDitherBits property when applying dither to the NCO signal. When this property is false, the NCO does not apply dither to the signal. For more details, see the dsp.NCO System object.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the Oscillator property to NCO.

Data Types: logical

NumDitherBits — Number of NCO dither bits

4 (default) | positive integer

Number of NCO dither bits, specified as a positive integer scalar smaller than the number of accumulator bits that you specify in the NumAccumulatorBits property. For more details, see the dsp.NCO System object.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the Oscillator property to NCO and the Dither property to true.

Data Types: double

Fixed-Point Properties

FiltersOutputDataType — Data type at output of each filter stage

Same as input (default) | Custom

Data type at the output of the first (if it has not been bypassed), second, and third filter stages, specified as Same as input or Custom. The object casts the data at the output of each filter stage according to the value you set in this property. For the CIC stage, the casting is done after the signal is scaled by the normalization factor.

CustomFiltersOutputDataType — Fixed-point data type at output of each filter stage

numerictype([],16,15) (default) | numerictype object

Fixed-point data type at output of each filter stage, specified as a scaled numerictype (Fixed-Point Designer) object with the Signedness property set to Auto.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the FiltersOutputDataType property to Custom.

OutputDataType — Data type of output

Same as input (default) | Custom

Data type of output, specified as Same as input or Custom.

CustomOutputDataType — Fixed-point data type of output

numerictype([],16,15) (default) | numerictype object

Fixed-point data type of output, specified as a scaled numerictype object the Signedness property set to Auto.

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the OutputDataType property to Custom.

Usage

Syntax

y = upConv(x)

Description

y = upConv(x)returns an upsampled and frequency-upconverted signal y, for a real or complex input column vector x.

Input Arguments

x — Input signal

column vector

Input signal, specified as a column vector of real or complex values.

When the data type of x is double or single, the data type of y is the same as that of x. When the data type of x is of a fixed-point type, the data type of y is defined by the OutputDataType property.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | fi
Complex Number Support: Yes

Output Arguments

y — Upconverted and upsampled signal

column vector

Upconverted and upsampled signal, returned as a column vector. The length of y is equal to the length of x multiplied by the value in the InterpolationFactor property. When the data type of x is double or single, the data type of y is the same as that of x. When the data type of x is of a fixed-point type, the data type of y is defined by the OutputDataType property.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | fi

Object Functions

To use an object function, specify the System object as the first input argument. For example, to release system resources of a System object named obj, use this syntax:

release(obj)

Specific to dsp.DigitalUpConverter

getInterpolationFactors	Get interpolation factors of each filter stage of digital upconverter
getFilterOrders	Get orders of digital down converter or digital up converter filter cascade
getFilters	Get handles to digital down converter or digital up converter filter cascade objects
groupDelay	Group delay of digital down converter or digital up converter filter cascade
visualize	Display response of digital down converter or digital up converter filter cascade
generatehdl	Generate HDL code for quantized DSP filter (requires Filter Design HDL Coder) (To be removed)

Common to All System Objects

step	Run System object algorithm
release	Release resources and allow changes to System object property values and input characteristics
reset	Reset internal states of System object

Examples

Upconvert Sine Wave Signal

Create a DUC System object™ that upsamples a 1-kHz sinusoidal signal by a factor of 20 and upconverts it to 50 kHz.

Create a sine wave generator to obtain the 1-kHz sinusoidal signal with a sample rate of 6 kHz.

 Fs = 6e3; % Sample rate
 sine = dsp.SineWave(Frequency=1000,...
     SampleRate=Fs,...
     SamplesPerFrame=1024);
 x = sine(); % generate signal

Create a DUC System object. Use minimum order filter designs and set the passband ripple to 0.2 dB and stopband attenuation to 55 dB. Set the double-sided signal bandwidth to 2 kHz.

upConv = dsp.DigitalUpConverter(... 
     InterpolationFactor=20,...
     SampleRate=Fs,...
     Bandwidth=2e3,...
     StopbandAttenuation=55,...
     PassbandRipple=0.2,...
     CenterFrequency=50e3);

Create a spectrum estimator to visualize the signal spectrum before and after upconverting.

window = hamming(floor(length(x)/10));
figure; pwelch(x,window,[],[],Fs,'centered')
title('Spectrum of baseband signal x')

Upconvert the signal and visualize the spectrum.

 xUp = upConv(x); 
 window = hamming(floor(length(xUp)/10));
 figure; 
 pwelch(xUp,window,[],[],20*Fs,'centered')
 title('Spectrum of upconverted signal xUp')

Visualize the response of the interpolation filters.

 visualize(upConv)

More About

Fixed Point

The block diagram represents the DUC arithmetic with signed fixed-point inputs.

• WL is the word length of the input, and FL is the fraction length of the input.

• The output of each filter is cast to the filter output data type. In the dsp.DigitalUpConverter object, you can specify the filter output data type through the FiltersOutputDataType and CustomFiltersOutputDataType properties. In the Digital Up-Converter block, you can specify the filter output data type through the Stage output parameter. The casting of the CIC output occurs after the scaling factor is applied.

• The oscillator output is cast to a word length equal to the filter output data type word length plus one. The fraction length is equal to the filter output data type word length minus one.

• The scaling at the output of the CIC interpolator consists of coarse-gain and fine-gain adjustments. The coarse gain is achieved using the reinterpretcast (Fixed-Point Designer) function on the CIC interpolator output. The fine gain is achieved using full-precision multiplication.

The figure shows the coarse-gain and fine-gain operations.

If the normalization gain is G (where 0<G≦1), then:

• WL_cic is the word length of the CIC interpolator output, and FL_cic is the fraction length of the CIC interpolator output.

• F1 = abs(nextpow2(G)), indicating the part of G achieved by using bit shifts (coarse gain).

• F2 is the fraction length specified by the filter output data type.

• fg = fi((2^F1)*G,true,16), which indicates that the remaining gain cannot be achieved with a bit shift (fine gain).

Algorithms

The digital up converter upsamples the input signal using a cascade of three interpolation filters. This algorithm frequency-upconverts the upsampled signal by multiplying it with a complex exponential that has the specified center frequency. In this case, the filter cascade consists of an FIR interpolation stage, a second stage for CIC compensation, and a CIC interpolator. The block diagram shows the architecture of the digital up converter.

The scaling section normalizes the CIC gain and the oscillator power. It can also contain a correction factor to achieve the desired ripple specification. Depending on how you set the interpolation factor, the block bypasses the first filter stage. When the input data type is floating point, the algorithm implements an N-section CIC interpolation filter as a FIR filter with a response that corresponds to a cascade of N boxcar filters. The algorithm emulates a CIC filter with an FIR filter so that you can run simulations with floating-point data. When the input data type is a fixed-point type, the algorithm implements a true CIC filter with actual comb and integrator sections.

This block diagram represents the DUC arithmetic with floating-point inputs.

For details about fixed-point operation, see Fixed Point.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Usage notes and limitations:

See System Objects in MATLAB Code Generation (MATLAB Coder).

This object also supports SIMD code generation using Intel^® AVX2 code replacement library when the input signal has a data type of single or double.

The SIMD technology significantly improves the performance of the generated code. For more information, see SIMD Code Generation. To generate SIMD code from this object, see Use Intel AVX2 Code Replacement Library to Generate SIMD Code from MATLAB Algorithms.

HDL Code Generation

Generate VHDL, Verilog and SystemVerilog code for FPGA and ASIC designs using HDL Coder™.

This object supports HDL code generation with the Filter Design HDL Coder™ product. For workflows and limitations, see Generate HDL Code for Filter System Objects (Filter Design HDL Coder).

Version History

Introduced in R2012a

R2024b: visualizeFilterStages has been renamed to visualize

The visualizeFilterStages function has been renamed to visualize. Existing instances of this function continue to run. For new instances, use visualize.

R2024b: visualize launches MATLAB figure

The visualize function now launches a MATLAB^® figure to display the magnitude response of the digital up converter filter cascade.

R2024b: Support for normalized frequencies

When you set the NormalizedFrequency property to true, you must specify the bandwidth, stopband frequency, and the center frequency in normalized frequency units (0 to 1). For more information, see the NormalizedFrequency property description.