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fractalKoch

Create Koch curve fractal dipole or loop antenna on xy- plane

Description

The fractalKoch object creates a Koch curve fractal dipole or loop antenna on an xy- plane. These fractals are used in multiband and wideband applications like Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service (UMTS), and Bluetooth.

A fractal antenna uses a self-similar design to maximize the length or increase the perimeter of a material that transmits or receives electromagnetic radiation within a given volume or area. The main advantage of fractal antennas is that they are compact, which is an important requirement for small and complex circuits. Fractal antennas also have more input impedance or resistance due to increased length or perimeter, respectively.

All fractal antennas are printed structures that are etched on a dielectric substrate.

Creation

Description

example

ant = fractalKoch creates a Koch curve fractal antenna on an X-Y plane. The default is a dipole with Koch curve length chosen for an operating frequency of 0.86 GHz.

example

ant = fractalKoch(Name,Value) sets properties using one or more name-value pairs. For example, ant = fractalKoch('NumIterations',4) creates a Koch curve fractal antenna with four iterations. Enclose each property name in quotes.

Properties

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Number of iterations of the fractal antenna, specified as a scalar integer.

Example: 'NumIterations',2

Example: ant.NumIterations = 2

Data Types: double

Length of the Koch curve along the x-axis, specified as a positive scalar integer in meters.

Example: 'Length',0.5000

Example: ant.Length = 0.5000

Data Types: double

Width of the Koch curve along y-axis, specified as a positive scalar integer in meters.

Example: 'Width',0.0050

Example: ant.Width = 0.0050

Data Types: double

Type of Koch configuration, specified as 'dipole' or 'loop'.

Example: 'Type','loop'

Example: ant.Type = 'loop'

Data Types: char | string

Type of the metal used as a conductor, specified as a metal material object. You can choose any metal from the MetalCatalog or specify a metal of your choice. For more information, see metal. For more information on metal conductor meshing, see Meshing.

Example: m = metal('Copper'); 'Conductor',m

Example: m = metal('Copper'); ant.Conductor = m

Lumped elements added to the antenna feed, specified as a lumped element object. You can add a load anywhere on the surface of the antenna. By default, the load is at the origin. For more information, see lumpedElement.

Example: 'Load',lumpedelement. lumpedelement is the object for the load created using lumpedElement.

Example: ant.Load = lumpedElement('Impedance',75)

Tilt angle of the antenna in degrees, specified as a scalar or vector. For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.

Example: 90

Example: Tilt=[90 90],TiltAxis=[0 1 0;0 1 1] tilts the antenna at 90 degrees about the two axes defined by the vectors.

Data Types: double

Tilt axis of the antenna, specified as one of these values:

  • Three-element vector of Cartesian coordinates in meters. In this case, each coordinate in the vector starts at the origin and lies along the specified points on the x-, y-, and z-axes.

  • Two points in space, specified as a 2-by-3 matrix corresponding to two three-element vectors of Cartesian coordinates. In this case, the antenna rotates around the line joining the two points.

  • "x", "y", or "z" to describe a rotation about the x-, y-, or z-axis, respectively.

For more information, see Rotate Antennas and Arrays.

Example: [0 1 0]

Example: [0 0 0;0 1 0]

Example: "Z"

Data Types: double | string

Object Functions

axialRatioCalculate and/or plot axial ratio of antenna or array
bandwidthCalculate and/or plot absolute bandwidth of antenna
beamwidthBeamwidth of antenna
chargeCharge distribution on antenna or array surface
currentCurrent distribution on antenna or array surface
designDesign prototype antenna or arrays for resonance around specified frequency or create AI-based antenna from antenna catalog objects
efficiencyRadiation efficiency of antenna
EHfieldsElectric and magnetic fields of antennas or embedded electric and magnetic fields of antenna element in arrays
impedanceInput impedance of antenna or scan impedance of array
infoDisplay information about antenna, array, or platform
memoryEstimateEstimate memory required to solve antenna or array mesh
meshMesh properties of metal, dielectric antenna, or array structure
meshconfigChange meshing mode of antenna, array, custom antenna, custom array, or custom geometry
optimizeOptimize antenna or array using SADEA optimizer
patternPlot radiation pattern and phase of antenna or array or embedded pattern of antenna element in array
patternAzimuthAzimuth plane radiation pattern of antenna or array
patternElevationElevation plane radiation pattern of antenna or array
rcsCalculate and plot monostatic and bistatic radar cross section (RCS) of platform, antenna, or array
resonantFrequencyCalculate and/or plot resonant frequency of antenna
returnLossReturn loss of antenna or scan return loss of array
showDisplay antenna, array structures, shapes, or platform
sparametersCalculate S-parameters for antennas and antenna arrays
vswrVoltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of antenna or array element

Examples

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Create and view a default Koch curve fractal antenna.

ant = fractalKoch
ant = 
  fractalKoch with properties:

    NumIterations: 2
           Length: 0.0600
            Width: 1.0000e-03
             Type: 'dipole'
        Conductor: [1x1 metal]
             Tilt: 0
         TiltAxis: [1 0 0]
             Load: [1x1 lumpedElement]

show(ant)

Create and view a Koch loop fractal antenna with three iterations.

ant = fractalKoch('NumIterations',3,'Type','loop');
show(ant)

Version History

Introduced in R2018b