structfun

Apply function to each field of scalar structure

Syntax

A = structfun(func,S)

A = structfun(func,S,Name,Value)

[A1,...,Am] = structfun(___)

Description

A = structfun(func,S) applies the function func to each field of scalar structure S, one field at a time. structfun then concatenates the outputs from func into the column vector A. The input argument func is a function handle to a function that takes one input argument and returns a scalar. The output from func must always be the same data type to use this syntax. If the function outputs have different data types, you must set the UniformOutput name-value argument to false. The number of elements in A equals the number of fields in S.

You cannot specify the order in which structfun calculates the elements of A or rely on them being done in any particular order.

A = structfun(func,S,Name,Value) applies func with additional options specified by one or more Name,Value pair arguments. For example, to return output values in a structure, specify 'UniformOutput',false. You can return A as a structure when func returns values that cannot be concatenated into an array. The returned structure has the same fields as S.

[A1,...,Am] = structfun(___) returns multiple output arrays A1,...,Am when func returns m output values. func can return output arguments that have different data types, but the data type of each output must be the same each time func is called. You can use this syntax with any of the input arguments of the previous syntaxes.

Examples

Apply Function to Fields of Structure

Create a scalar structure with fields that contain numeric arrays of different sizes.

S.f1 = 1:10;
S.f2 = [2; 4; 6];
S.f3 = []

S = struct with fields:
    f1: [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10]
    f2: [3x1 double]
    f3: []

Calculate the mean of each numeric array, and return the means in an array.

A = structfun(@mean,S)

A = 3×1

    5.5000
    4.0000
       NaN

Return Object Array

Create a scalar structure in which each field contains an array of random numbers.

S.X = rand(1,10);
S.Y = rand(1,10);
S.Z = rand(1,10)

S = struct with fields:
    X: [0.8147 0.9058 0.1270 0.9134 0.6324 0.0975 0.2785 0.5469 0.9575 0.9649]
    Y: [0.1576 0.9706 0.9572 0.4854 0.8003 0.1419 0.4218 0.9157 0.7922 0.9595]
    Z: [0.6557 0.0357 0.8491 0.9340 0.6787 0.7577 0.7431 0.3922 0.6555 0.1712]

Plot the arrays. Return an array of chart line objects from the plot function and use them to add different markers to each set of data points. structfun can return arrays of any data type, so long as objects of that data type can be concatenated.

figure
hold on
p = structfun(@plot,S);
p(1).Marker = 'o';
p(2).Marker = '+';
p(3).Marker = 's';
hold off

Return Scalar Structure

Create a scalar structure with fields that contain matrices.

S.f1 = 1:10;
S.f2 = [2 3; 4 5; 6 7];
S.f3 = rand(4,4)

S = struct with fields:
    f1: [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10]
    f2: [3x2 double]
    f3: [4x4 double]

Calculate the means of each matrix. mean returns vectors containing the mean of each column, so the means cannot be returned as an array. To return the means in a structure, specify the 'UniformOutput',false name-value pair.

A = structfun(@mean,S,'UniformOutput',false)

A = struct with fields:
    f1: 5.5000
    f2: [4 5]
    f3: [0.6902 0.3888 0.7627 0.5962]

Return Multiple Output Arrays

Create a scalar structure.

S.f1 = 1:10;
S.f2 = [2 3; 4 5; 6 7];
S.f3 = rand(4,4)

S = struct with fields:
    f1: [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10]
    f2: [3x2 double]
    f3: [4x4 double]

Calculate the sizes of each array in S. The number of rows and columns are each in 3-by-1 numeric arrays.

[nrows,ncols] = structfun(@size,S)

nrows = 3×1

     1
     3
     4

ncols = 3×1

    10
     2
     4

Input Arguments

func — Function to apply

function handle

Function to apply to the fields of the input scalar structure, specified as a function handle.

func can correspond to more than one function file and therefore can represent a set of overloaded functions. In these cases, MATLAB^® determines which function to call based on the class of the input arguments.

Example: A = structfun(@max,S) returns the maximum of each field of S.

S — Input structure

scalar structure

Input structure, specified as a scalar structure.

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: A = structfun(@mean,S,'UniformOutput',false) returns the outputs from mean in a structure with the same fields as S.

UniformOutput — True or false

true (default) | false

True or false, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'UniformOutput' and either true (1) or false (0).

Value of 'UniformOutput'	Description
true (1)	func must return scalars that structfun concatenates into a column vector. The outputs for func must be the same data type, or structfun errors with this option.
false (0)	structfun returns the outputs of func in one or more scalar structures. The output scalar structures have the same fields as the input scalar structure. The outputs of func can have any data type.

ErrorHandler — Function to catch errors

function handle

Function to catch errors, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'ErrorHandler' and a function handle. If func throws an error, then the error handler specified by 'ErrorHandler' catches the error and takes the action specified in the function. The error handler either must throw an error or return the same number of outputs as func. If the value of 'UniformOutput' is true, then the output arguments of the error handler must be scalars and have the same data type as the outputs of func.

The first input argument of the error handler is a structure with these fields:

• identifier — Error identifier

• message — Error message text

• index — Linear index into the input arrays at which func threw the error

The remaining input arguments to the error handler are the input arguments for the call to func that made func throw the error.

Suppose func returns two doubles as output arguments. You can specify the error handler as 'ErrorHandler',@errorFunc, where errorFunc is a function that raises a warning and returns two output arguments.

function [A,B] = errorFunc(S,varargin)
    warning(S.identifier, S.message); 
    A = NaN; 
    B = NaN;
end

If you do not specify 'ErrorHandler', then structfun rethrows the error thrown by func.

Output Arguments

A — Output array

column vector of any data type | scalar structure

Output array, returned as a column vector of any data type or as a scalar structure.

By default, structfun concatenates the outputs from func into a column vector. func must return scalars. If func returns objects, then the class that the objects belong to must meet these requirements.

• Support assignment by linear indexing into the object array

• Have a reshape method that returns an array that has the same size as the input

If the value of the 'UniformOutput' name-value pair argument is false (0), then structfun returns outputs as fields of a scalar structure. In that case, the outputs from func can have any sizes and different data types.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™.

Usage notes and limitations:

• The ErrorHandler option is not supported.

• The number of outputs must be less than or equal to three.

Thread-Based Environment

Run code in the background using MATLAB® backgroundPool or accelerate code with Parallel Computing Toolbox™ ThreadPool.

This function fully supports thread-based environments. For more information, see Run MATLAB Functions in Thread-Based Environment.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a