シミュレーションデータを使用した複数クラス故障検出

この例では次を使用します:

この例では、Simulink® モデルを使用して健全な状態のデータと故障状態のデータを生成する方法を説明します。このデータを使用して、さまざまな故障の組み合わせを検出する複数クラス分類器を開発します。この例は 3 重往復ポンプモデルを使用し、漏れ、閉塞、およびベアリングの故障を含みます。

モデルの設定

この例では、zip ファイルに保存されている多くのサポートファイルを使用します。ファイルを解凍してサポートファイルにアクセスし、モデルパラメーターを読み込み、往復ポンプライブラリを作成します。

if ~exist('+mech_hydro_forcesPS','dir')
    unzip('pdmRecipPump_supportingfiles.zip')
end

% Load Parameters
pdmRecipPump_Parameters %Pump
CAT_Pump_1051_DataFile_imported %CAD

% Create Simscape library if needed
if exist('mech_hydro_forcesPS_Lib','file')~=4
    ssc_build mech_hydro_forcesPS
end

Generating Simulink library 'mech_hydro_forcesPS_lib' in the current directory 'C:\Users\anagar\OneDrive - MathWorks\Desktop\Predictive Project\RUL using DL\MultiFaultDetectionExample\ExampleManager\anagar.doc2\predmaint-ex92746726' ...

往復ポンプモデル

往復ポンプは、電気モーター、ポンプハウジング、ポンプクランク、およびポンププランジャーで構成されています。

mdl = 'pdmRecipPump';
open_system(mdl)

open_system([mdl,'/Pump'])

ポンプモデルは、シリンダーの漏れ、吸込口の閉塞、およびベアリング摩擦の増加という 3 タイプの故障をモデル化するように設定されます。これらの故障はワークスペース変数としてパラメーター化され、ポンプブロックダイアログによって設定されます。

故障データと健全データのシミュレーション

3 つの故障タイプそれぞれについて、故障なしから重大な故障までの故障重大度を表す値の配列を作成します。

% Define fault parameter variations
numParValues = 10;
leak_area_set_factor = linspace(0.00,0.036,numParValues);
leak_area_set = leak_area_set_factor*TRP_Par.Check_Valve.In.Max_Area;
leak_area_set = max(leak_area_set,1e-9); % Leakage area cannot be 0
blockinfactor_set = linspace(0.8,0.53,numParValues);
bearingfactor_set = linspace(0,6e-4,numParValues);

ポンプモデルはノイズを含めるように設定されているため、同じ故障パラメーター値でモデルを実行すると、結果としてさまざまなシミュレーション出力が得られます。これは、同じ故障状態と重大度に対して複数のシミュレーション結果が可能であることを意味するので、分類器の開発に役立ちます。そのような結果が得られるシミュレーションを設定するには、故障パラメーター値のベクトルを作成します。ここで値は、故障なし、1 つの故障、2 つの故障の組み合わせ、および 3 つの故障の組み合わせを表します。故障なし、1 つの故障、などの各グループについて、上記で定義されている故障パラメーター値から、故障値の 125 の組み合わせを作成します。これにより故障パラメーター値の合計 1000 の組み合わせが得られます。これら 1000 のシミュレーションを並列で実行する場合、標準のデスクトップでは約 1 時間かかり、約 620 MB のデータが生成されることに注意してください。シミュレーション時間を短縮させるには、runAll = true を runAll = false に変更して、故障の組み合わせの数を 20 に減らします。データセットが大きいほど、よりロバストな分類器となることに注意してください。

% Set number of elements in each fault group
runAll = true; 
if runAll
    % Create a large dataset to build a robust classifier
    nPerGroup = 100; 
else
    % Create a smaller dataset to reduce simulation time
    nPerGroup = 20; %#ok<UNRCH> 
end

rng('default');    % Feed default seed to rng (Random number generator)

% No fault simulations
leakArea = repmat(leak_area_set(1),nPerGroup,1);
blockingFactor = repmat(blockinfactor_set(1),nPerGroup,1);
bearingFactor = repmat(bearingfactor_set(1),nPerGroup,1);

% Single fault simulations
idx = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
leakArea = [leakArea; leak_area_set(idx)'];
blockingFactor = [blockingFactor;repmat(blockinfactor_set(1),nPerGroup,1)];
bearingFactor = [bearingFactor;repmat(bearingfactor_set(1),nPerGroup,1)];
idx = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
leakArea = [leakArea; repmat(leak_area_set(1),nPerGroup,1)];
blockingFactor = [blockingFactor;blockinfactor_set(idx)'];
bearingFactor = [bearingFactor;repmat(bearingfactor_set(1),nPerGroup,1)];
idx = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
leakArea = [leakArea; repmat(leak_area_set(1),nPerGroup,1)];
blockingFactor = [blockingFactor;repmat(blockinfactor_set(1),nPerGroup,1)];
bearingFactor = [bearingFactor;bearingfactor_set(idx)'];

% Double fault simulations
idxA = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
idxB = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
leakArea = [leakArea; leak_area_set(idxA)'];
blockingFactor = [blockingFactor;blockinfactor_set(idxB)'];
bearingFactor = [bearingFactor;repmat(bearingfactor_set(1),nPerGroup,1)];
idxA = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
idxB = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
leakArea = [leakArea; leak_area_set(idxA)'];
blockingFactor = [blockingFactor;repmat(blockinfactor_set(1),nPerGroup,1)];
bearingFactor = [bearingFactor;bearingfactor_set(idxB)'];
idxA = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
idxB = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
leakArea = [leakArea; repmat(leak_area_set(1),nPerGroup,1)];
blockingFactor = [blockingFactor;blockinfactor_set(idxA)'];
bearingFactor = [bearingFactor;bearingfactor_set(idxB)'];

% Triple fault simulations
idxA = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
idxB = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
idxC = ceil(10*rand(nPerGroup,1));
leakArea = [leakArea; leak_area_set(idxA)'];
blockingFactor = [blockingFactor;blockinfactor_set(idxB)'];
bearingFactor = [bearingFactor;bearingfactor_set(idxC)'];

故障パラメーターの組み合わせを使用して Simulink.SimulationInput オブジェクトを作成します。各シミュレーション入力につき、異なる結果が生成されるようにランダムシードを必ず異なる値に設定します。

for ct = numel(leakArea):-1:1
    simInput(ct) = Simulink.SimulationInput(mdl);
    simInput(ct) = setVariable(simInput(ct),'leak_cyl_area_WKSP',leakArea(ct));
    simInput(ct) = setVariable(simInput(ct),'block_in_factor_WKSP',blockingFactor(ct));
    simInput(ct) = setVariable(simInput(ct),'bearing_fault_frict_WKSP',bearingFactor(ct));
    simInput(ct) = setVariable(simInput(ct),'noise_seed_offset_WKSP',ct-1);
end

関数 generateSimulationEnsemble を使用して、上で定義された Simulink.SimulationInput オブジェクトによって定義されるシミュレーションを実行し、ローカルサブフォルダーに結果を格納します。次に、格納された結果から simulationEnsembleDatastore を作成します。

% Run the simulation and create an ensemble to manage the simulation
% results

if isfolder('./Data')
    % Delete existing mat files
    delete('./Data/*.mat')
end   

[ok,e] = generateSimulationEnsemble(simInput,fullfile('.','Data'),'UseParallel',true);

[28-Jun-2021 13:38:31] Checking for availability of parallel pool...
Starting parallel pool (parpool) using the 'local' profile ...
Preserving jobs with IDs: 1 because they contain crash dump files.
You can use 'delete(myCluster.Jobs)' to remove all jobs created with profile local. To create 'myCluster' use 'myCluster = parcluster('local')'.
Connected to the parallel pool (number of workers: 6).
[28-Jun-2021 13:39:52] Starting Simulink on parallel workers...
[28-Jun-2021 13:41:17] Configuring simulation cache folder on parallel workers...
[28-Jun-2021 13:41:18] Transferring base workspace variables used in the model to parallel workers...
[28-Jun-2021 13:41:19] Loading model on parallel workers...
[28-Jun-2021 13:41:43] Running simulations...
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[28-Jun-2021 13:58:50] Completed 237 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:58:51] Completed 238 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:58:52] Completed 239 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:58:53] Completed 240 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:11] Completed 241 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:12] Completed 242 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:14] Completed 243 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:15] Completed 244 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:16] Completed 245 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:17] Completed 246 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:35] Completed 247 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:36] Completed 248 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:37] Completed 249 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:38] Completed 250 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:39] Completed 251 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 13:59:40] Completed 252 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:02] Completed 253 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:03] Completed 254 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:04] Completed 255 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:05] Completed 256 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:06] Completed 257 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:07] Completed 258 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:26] Completed 259 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:27] Completed 260 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:28] Completed 261 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:29] Completed 262 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:30] Completed 263 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:31] Completed 264 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:49] Completed 265 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:50] Completed 266 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:53] Completed 267 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:54] Completed 268 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:55] Completed 269 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:00:56] Completed 270 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:13] Completed 271 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:14] Completed 272 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:18] Completed 273 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:19] Completed 274 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:20] Completed 275 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:21] Completed 276 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:39] Completed 277 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:40] Completed 278 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:41] Completed 279 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:42] Completed 280 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:43] Completed 281 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:01:44] Completed 282 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:05] Completed 283 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:06] Completed 284 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:07] Completed 285 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:08] Completed 286 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:09] Completed 287 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:10] Completed 288 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:28] Completed 289 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:29] Completed 290 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:30] Completed 291 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:32] Completed 292 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:33] Completed 293 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:34] Completed 294 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:51] Completed 295 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:52] Completed 296 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:53] Completed 297 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:54] Completed 298 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:56] Completed 299 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:02:57] Completed 300 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:07] Completed 301 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:10] Completed 302 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:10] Completed 303 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:11] Completed 304 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:13] Completed 305 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:14] Completed 306 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:21] Completed 307 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:23] Completed 308 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:24] Completed 309 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:25] Completed 310 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:28] Completed 311 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:30] Completed 312 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:38] Completed 313 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:41] Completed 314 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:42] Completed 315 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:45] Completed 316 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:46] Completed 317 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:51] Completed 318 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:57] Completed 319 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:58] Completed 320 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:03:59] Completed 321 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:00] Completed 322 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:02] Completed 323 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:12] Completed 324 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:13] Completed 325 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:14] Completed 326 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:15] Completed 327 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:19] Completed 328 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:20] Completed 329 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:23] Completed 330 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:26] Completed 331 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:30] Completed 332 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:31] Completed 333 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:33] Completed 334 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:38] Completed 335 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:44] Completed 336 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:45] Completed 337 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:47] Completed 338 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:48] Completed 339 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:04:49] Completed 340 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:01] Completed 341 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:03] Completed 342 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:04] Completed 343 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:09] Completed 344 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:11] Completed 345 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:12] Completed 346 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:14] Completed 347 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:16] Completed 348 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:19] Completed 349 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:21] Completed 350 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:22] Completed 351 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:25] Completed 352 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:30] Completed 353 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:33] Completed 354 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:35] Completed 355 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:36] Completed 356 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:37] Completed 357 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:43] Completed 358 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:47] Completed 359 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:49] Completed 360 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:56] Completed 361 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:57] Completed 362 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:58] Completed 363 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:05:59] Completed 364 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:08] Completed 365 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:09] Completed 366 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:11] Completed 367 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:12] Completed 368 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:16] Completed 369 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:18] Completed 370 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:23] Completed 371 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:24] Completed 372 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:25] Completed 373 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:27] Completed 374 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:28] Completed 375 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:30] Completed 376 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:33] Completed 377 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:37] Completed 378 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:39] Completed 379 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:43] Completed 380 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:50] Completed 381 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:51] Completed 382 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:53] Completed 383 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:54] Completed 384 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:56] Completed 385 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:06:59] Completed 386 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:00] Completed 387 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:03] Completed 388 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:04] Completed 389 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:07] Completed 390 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:15] Completed 391 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:18] Completed 392 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:19] Completed 393 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:27] Completed 394 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:29] Completed 395 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:31] Completed 396 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:32] Completed 397 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:36] Completed 398 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:38] Completed 399 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:39] Completed 400 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:53] Completed 401 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:55] Completed 402 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:57] Completed 403 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:07:59] Completed 404 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:01] Completed 405 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:06] Completed 406 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:18] Completed 407 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:20] Completed 408 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:22] Completed 409 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:24] Completed 410 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:27] Completed 411 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:31] Completed 412 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:42] Completed 413 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:44] Completed 414 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:46] Completed 415 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:48] Completed 416 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:52] Completed 417 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:08:55] Completed 418 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:06] Completed 419 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:09] Completed 420 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:11] Completed 421 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:13] Completed 422 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:15] Completed 423 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:19] Completed 424 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:31] Completed 425 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:33] Completed 426 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:35] Completed 427 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:38] Completed 428 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:40] Completed 429 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:45] Completed 430 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:09:57] Completed 431 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:00] Completed 432 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:02] Completed 433 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:05] Completed 434 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:07] Completed 435 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:12] Completed 436 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:21] Completed 437 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:25] Completed 438 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:27] Completed 439 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:29] Completed 440 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:31] Completed 441 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:35] Completed 442 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:47] Completed 443 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:51] Completed 444 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:53] Completed 445 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:55] Completed 446 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:57] Completed 447 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:10:59] Completed 448 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:13] Completed 449 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:15] Completed 450 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:18] Completed 451 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:20] Completed 452 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:22] Completed 453 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:24] Completed 454 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:40] Completed 455 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:42] Completed 456 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:44] Completed 457 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:46] Completed 458 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:48] Completed 459 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:11:50] Completed 460 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:05] Completed 461 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:06] Completed 462 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:08] Completed 463 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:10] Completed 464 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:12] Completed 465 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:15] Completed 466 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:29] Completed 467 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:31] Completed 468 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:33] Completed 469 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:35] Completed 470 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:37] Completed 471 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:41] Completed 472 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:53] Completed 473 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:55] Completed 474 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:12:58] Completed 475 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:00] Completed 476 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:02] Completed 477 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:07] Completed 478 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:19] Completed 479 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:21] Completed 480 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:23] Completed 481 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:26] Completed 482 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:28] Completed 483 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:35] Completed 484 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:44] Completed 485 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:46] Completed 486 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:48] Completed 487 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:50] Completed 488 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:13:52] Completed 489 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:01] Completed 490 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:08] Completed 491 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:10] Completed 492 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:12] Completed 493 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:14] Completed 494 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:16] Completed 495 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:27] Completed 496 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:35] Completed 497 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:37] Completed 498 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:39] Completed 499 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:41] Completed 500 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:43] Completed 501 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:45] Completed 502 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:46] Completed 503 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:50] Completed 504 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:51] Completed 505 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:53] Completed 506 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:54] Completed 507 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:14:55] Completed 508 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:06] Completed 509 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:08] Completed 510 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:10] Completed 511 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:11] Completed 512 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:13] Completed 513 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:15] Completed 514 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:18] Completed 515 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:23] Completed 516 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:25] Completed 517 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:27] Completed 518 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:29] Completed 519 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:30] Completed 520 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:33] Completed 521 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:35] Completed 522 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:40] Completed 523 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:42] Completed 524 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:46] Completed 525 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:48] Completed 526 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:50] Completed 527 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:51] Completed 528 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:53] Completed 529 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:54] Completed 530 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:15:57] Completed 531 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:02] Completed 532 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:04] Completed 533 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:05] Completed 534 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:15] Completed 535 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:17] Completed 536 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:19] Completed 537 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:21] Completed 538 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:23] Completed 539 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:25] Completed 540 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:28] Completed 541 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:30] Completed 542 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:39] Completed 543 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:42] Completed 544 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:44] Completed 545 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:48] Completed 546 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:50] Completed 547 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:52] Completed 548 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:55] Completed 549 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:16:57] Completed 550 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:00] Completed 551 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:06] Completed 552 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:12] Completed 553 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:14] Completed 554 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:16] Completed 555 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:18] Completed 556 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:20] Completed 557 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:23] Completed 558 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:25] Completed 559 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:28] Completed 560 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:31] Completed 561 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:34] Completed 562 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:36] Completed 563 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:37] Completed 564 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:42] Completed 565 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:46] Completed 566 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:48] Completed 567 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:50] Completed 568 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:52] Completed 569 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:57] Completed 570 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:17:59] Completed 571 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:07] Completed 572 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:09] Completed 573 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:11] Completed 574 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:13] Completed 575 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:15] Completed 576 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:17] Completed 577 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:30] Completed 578 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:32] Completed 579 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:34] Completed 580 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:35] Completed 581 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:38] Completed 582 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:40] Completed 583 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:42] Completed 584 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:44] Completed 585 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:45] Completed 586 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:47] Completed 587 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:49] Completed 588 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:56] Completed 589 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:18:58] Completed 590 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:00] Completed 591 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:03] Completed 592 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:05] Completed 593 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:07] Completed 594 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:12] Completed 595 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:14] Completed 596 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:16] Completed 597 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:18] Completed 598 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:24] Completed 599 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:27] Completed 600 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:29] Completed 601 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:37] Completed 602 of 800 simulation runs
[28-Jun-2021 14:19:39] Completed 603 of 800 simulation runs
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ens = simulationEnsembleDatastore(fullfile('.','Data'));

シミュレーション結果からの特徴の処理と抽出

このモデルはポンプの吐出圧力、出流量、モーター速度、およびモーター電流をログに記録するよう設定されます。

ens.DataVariables

ans = 8×1 string
    "SimulationInput"
    "SimulationMetadata"
    "iMotor_meas"
    "pIn_meas"
    "pOut_meas"
    "qIn_meas"
    "qOut_meas"
    "wMotor_meas"

アンサンブルのメンバーごとに、ポンプ出流量を前処理し、ポンプ出流量に基づいて状態インジケーターを計算します。状態インジケーターは後で故障分類のために使用されます。前処理のため、出流量の最初の 0.8 秒を削除します。これにはシミュレーションおよびポンプ始動からの過渡状態が含まれるためです。前処理の一部として、出流量のパワースペクトルを計算し、SimulationInput を使って故障変数の値を返します。

対象とする変数だけが読み取りで返されるようにアンサンブルを設定し、この例の最後で定義されている関数 preprocess を呼び出します。

ens.SelectedVariables = ["qOut_meas", "SimulationInput"];
reset(ens)
data = read(ens)

data=1×2 table
        qOut_meas                SimulationInput        
    __________________    ______________________________

    {2001×1 timetable}    {1×1 Simulink.SimulationInput}

[flow,flowP,flowF,faultValues] = preprocess(data);

流量と流量スペクトルをプロットします。プロットされるデータは故障なしの状態のものです。

% Figure with nominal
subplot(211);
plot(flow.Time,flow.Data);
subplot(212);
semilogx(flowF,pow2db(flowP));
xlabel('Hz')

流量スペクトルは、期待された周波数での共振ピークを示しています。具体的には、ポンプのモーター速度は 950 rpm、つまり 15.833 Hz であり、ポンプはシリンダーを 3 つもつため、流量は 3*15.833 Hz つまり 47.5 Hz で基本波であり、47.5 Hz の倍数において高調波であると予想されます。流量スペクトルは、期待される共振ピークを明確に示しています。ポンプの 1 つのシリンダーに故障が生じると、ポンプのモーター速度 15.833 Hz およびその高調波で共振が発生します。

流量スペクトルおよび低速信号は、可能な状態インジケーターをある程度示唆しています。具体的には、平均や分散などの一般的な信号統計量、およびスペクトル特性です。ピーク振幅の周波数、15.833 Hz 周辺のエネルギー、47.5 Hz 周辺のエネルギー、および 100 Hz を超えるエネルギーなどの、期待される高調波に関連するスペクトル状態インジケーターが計算されます。スペクトル尖度ピークの周波数も計算されます。

状態インジケーターのデータ変数および故障変数値の状態変数を使用して、アンサンブルを設定します。その後、関数 extractCI を呼び出して特徴を計算し、writeToLastMemberRead コマンドを使用して特徴および故障変数の値をアンサンブルに追加します。関数 extractCI はこの例の最後で定義されています。

ens.DataVariables = [ens.DataVariables; ...
    "fPeak"; "pLow"; "pMid"; "pHigh"; "pKurtosis"; ...
    "qMean"; "qVar"; "qSkewness"; "qKurtosis"; ...
    "qPeak2Peak"; "qCrest"; "qRMS"; "qMAD"; "qCSRange"];
ens.ConditionVariables = ["LeakFault","BlockingFault","BearingFault"];

feat = extractCI(flow,flowP,flowF);
dataToWrite = [faultValues, feat];
writeToLastMemberRead(ens,dataToWrite{:})

上記のコードは、シミュレーションアンサンブルの最初のメンバーの状態インジケーターを前処理して計算します。アンサンブルの hasdata コマンドを使用して、アンサンブルのすべてのメンバーについてこれを繰り返します。さまざまな故障状態下におけるシミュレーション結果を把握するには、アンサンブルを 100 要素ごとにプロットします。

%Figure with nominal and faults
figure,
subplot(211);
lFlow = plot(flow.Time,flow.Data,'LineWidth',2);
subplot(212);
lFlowP = semilogx(flowF,pow2db(flowP),'LineWidth',2);
xlabel('Hz')
ct = 1;
lColors = get(lFlow.Parent,'ColorOrder');
lIdx = 2;

% Loop over all members in the ensemble, preprocess 
% and compute the features for each member
while hasdata(ens)
    
    % Read member data
    data = read(ens);
    
    % Preprocess and extract features from the member data
    [flow,flowP,flowF,faultValues] = preprocess(data);
    feat = extractCI(flow,flowP,flowF);
    
    % Add the extracted feature values to the member data
    dataToWrite = [faultValues, feat];
    writeToLastMemberRead(ens,dataToWrite{:})
    
    % Plot member signal and spectrum for every 100th member
    if mod(ct,100) == 0
        line('Parent',lFlow.Parent,'XData',flow.Time,'YData',flow.Data, ...
            'Color', lColors(lIdx,:));
        line('Parent',lFlowP.Parent,'XData',flowF,'YData',pow2db(flowP), ...
            'Color', lColors(lIdx,:));
        if lIdx == size(lColors,1)
            lIdx = 1;
        else
            lIdx = lIdx+1;
        end
    end
    ct = ct + 1;
end

さまざまな故障状態および重大度の下において、期待される周波数でスペクトルに高調波が含まれることに注意してください。

ポンプの故障の検出と分類

前の節では、シミュレーションアンサンブルの全メンバーの流量信号から状態インジケーターを前処理して計算しました。これはさまざまな故障の組み合わせと重大度によるシミュレーション結果に対応します。状態インジケーターを使用して、ポンプの流量信号からポンプの故障を検出し分類することができます。

状態インジケーターを読み取るようにシミュレーションアンサンブルを設定し、tall コマンドと gather コマンドを使用してすべての状態インジケーターと故障変数値をメモリに読み込むことができます｡

% Get data to design a classifier.
reset(ens)
ens.SelectedVariables = [...
    "fPeak","pLow","pMid","pHigh","pKurtosis",...
    "qMean","qVar","qSkewness","qKurtosis",...
    "qPeak2Peak","qCrest","qRMS","qMAD","qCSRange",...
    "LeakFault","BlockingFault","BearingFault"];
idxLastFeature = 14;

% Load the condition indicator data into memory
data = gather(tall(ens));

Evaluating tall expression using the Parallel Pool 'local':
- Pass 1 of 1: 0% complete
Evaluation 0% complete

- Pass 1 of 1: Completed in 37 sec
Evaluation completed in 37 sec

data(1:10,:)

ans=10×17 table
    fPeak      pLow       pMid     pHigh     pKurtosis    qMean      qVar     qSkewness    qKurtosis    qPeak2Peak    qCrest     qRMS      qMAD     qCSRange    LeakFault    BlockingFault    BearingFault
    ______    _______    ______    ______    _________    ______    ______    _________    _________    __________    ______    ______    ______    ________    _________    _____________    ____________

    43.909     0.8468    117.73    18.855     276.49      35.573    7.5235    -0.73064       2.778         13.86      1.1491    35.679    2.2319     42692         1e-09          0.8              0      
    43.909     0.4622    125.98    18.956     12.417      35.577    7.8766    -0.70939        2.63        13.336      1.1451    35.688    2.3235     42699         1e-09          0.8              0      
    43.909     1.1679    138.01     17.54     11.589      35.575    7.4403     -0.7229      2.7135         12.61      1.1394    35.679    2.2415     42696         1e-09          0.8              0      
    14.779     235.27    193.49    26.728     197.02      33.223    15.242    -0.24387      2.2772         18.69       1.232    33.451     3.256     39862       3.2e-06          0.8              0      
    14.779     287.41    198.79    25.321     487.58      32.955    17.606    -0.20213        2.22        19.064      1.2304    33.221    3.5482     39539       3.6e-06          0.8              0      
    43.848     4.3805    137.31    19.175     110.93      35.275    7.5471    -0.70987      2.7751        13.858      1.1586    35.382    2.2525     42335         4e-07          0.8              0      
    14.839     303.74    176.33    23.665     392.38      32.908    17.638    -0.19533       2.237        19.561      1.2376    33.175    3.5358     39484       3.6e-06          0.8              0      
    44.151     133.99    159.09    26.973      434.6       33.76    12.137    -0.37195      2.5289        16.849      1.1925    33.939    2.8477     40507       2.4e-06          0.8              0      
    43.848    0.43902    134.89    18.997     12.417      35.562    7.8636     -0.6853      2.6661         13.91      1.1502    35.673    2.3088     42682         1e-09          0.8              0      
    43.969     12.292    124.71    22.448     478.48      34.986    8.0954    -0.71245      2.9268        15.015      1.1585    35.101    2.2984     41987         8e-07          0.8              0

アンサンブルメンバーごとの故障変数値 (データテーブルの 1 行) を故障フラグに変換し、これらの故障フラグを、各メンバーのさまざまな故障ステータスを捕捉する 1 つのフラグに組み合わせることが可能です。

% Convert the fault variable values to flags
data.LeakFlag = data.LeakFault > 1e-6;
data.BlockingFlag = data.BlockingFault < 0.8;
data.BearingFlag = data.BearingFault > 0; 
data.CombinedFlag = data.LeakFlag+2*data.BlockingFlag+4*data.BearingFlag;

状態インジケーターを入力として受け取り、組み合わせた故障フラグを返す分類器を作成します。2 次多項式カーネルを使用するサポートベクターマシンを学習させます。cvpartition コマンドを使用して、アンサンブルのメンバーを学習用のセットと検証用のセットに分割します。

rng('default') % for reproducibility
predictors = data(:,1:idxLastFeature); 
response = data.CombinedFlag;
cvp = cvpartition(size(predictors,1),'KFold',5);

% Create and train the classifier
template = templateSVM(...
    'KernelFunction', 'polynomial', ...
    'PolynomialOrder', 2, ...
    'KernelScale', 'auto', ...
    'BoxConstraint', 1, ...
    'Standardize', true);
combinedClassifier = fitcecoc(...
    predictors(cvp.training(1),:), ...
    response(cvp.training(1),:), ...
    'Learners', template, ...
    'Coding', 'onevsone', ...
    'ClassNames', [0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7]);

検証データを使用して学習後の分類器の性能をチェックし、結果を混同プロットにプロットします。

% Check performance by computing and plotting the confusion matrix
actualValue = response(cvp.test(1),:);
predictedValue = predict(combinedClassifier, predictors(cvp.test(1),:));
confdata = confusionmat(actualValue,predictedValue);
figure,
labels = {'None', 'Leak','Blocking', 'Leak & Blocking', 'Bearing', ...
    'Bearing & Leak', 'Bearing & Blocking', 'All'};
h = heatmap(confdata, ...
    'YLabel', 'Actual leak fault', ...
    'YDisplayLabels', labels, ...
    'XLabel', 'Predicted fault', ...
    'XDisplayLabels', labels, ...
    'ColorbarVisible','off');

混同プロットは、故障の各組み合わせにつき、故障の組み合わせが正しく予測された回数 (プロットの対角エントリ) と、故障の組み合わせが誤って予測された回数 (非対角エントリ) を示しています。

混同プロットから、分類器は一部の故障状態を正しく分類しなかった (非対角項) ことがわかります。しかし、故障なしの状態は正しく予測されています。故障があっても故障なしの状態が予測された箇所 (1 列目) がいくつかありますが、それ以外には、厳密には正しい故障状態ではないにしても、故障が予測されています。全体的な検証精度は 66% で、故障があることを予測する精度は 94% です。

% Compute the overall accuracy of the classifier
sum(diag(confdata))/sum(confdata(:))

ans = 0.6625

% Compute the accuracy of the classifier at predicting 
% that there is a fault
1-sum(confdata(2:end,1))/sum(confdata(:))

ans = 0.9375

故障なしと予測され、故障が存在したケースについて調べます。まず、検証データで、実際の故障が閉塞故障でありながら、故障なしと予測されたケースを見つけます。

vData = data(cvp.test(1),:);
b1 = (actualValue==2) & (predictedValue==0);
fData = vData(b1,15:17)

fData=10×3 table
    LeakFault    BlockingFault    BearingFault
    _________    _____________    ____________

      1e-09          0.71              0      
      1e-09          0.77              0      
      1e-09          0.71              0      
      1e-09          0.77              0      
      1e-09          0.71              0      
      1e-09          0.77              0      
      1e-09          0.71              0      
      1e-09          0.74              0      
      1e-09          0.77              0      
      1e-09          0.77              0

検証データで、実際の故障がベアリング故障でありながら、故障なしとして予測されたケースを見つけます。

b2 = (actualValue==4) & (predictedValue==0);
vData(b2,15:17)

ans =

  0×3 empty table

故障なしと予測されたにもかかわらず故障が存在したケースを調べてみると、これは閉塞故障値の 0.77 がそのノミナル値 0.8 に近い場合、またはベアリング故障値の 6.6e-5 がそのノミナル値 0 に近い場合に生じることが明らかになります。閉塞故障値が小さいケースのスペクトルをプロットし、故障なしの状態と比較すると、スペクトルがよく似ているために検出が困難になることがわかります。分類器を再学習させて、閉塞値の 0.77 を故障なしの状態として含めると、故障検出器の性能は大幅に改善されます。あるいは、追加のポンプ測定値を使用してさらに多くの情報を提供することにより、小さな閉塞故障を検出できるように機能を改善することができます。

% Configure the ensemble to only read the flow and fault variable values
ens.SelectedVariables = ["qOut_meas","LeakFault","BlockingFault","BearingFault"];
reset(ens)

% Load the ensemble member data into memory
data = gather(tall(ens));

Evaluating tall expression using the Parallel Pool 'local':
- Pass 1 of 1: 0% complete
Evaluation 0% complete

- Pass 1 of 1: Completed in 31 sec
Evaluation completed in 31 sec

% Look for the member that was incorrectly predicted, and 
% compute its power spectrum
idx = ...
    data.BlockingFault == fData.BlockingFault(1) & ...
    data.LeakFault == fData.LeakFault(1) & ...
    data.BearingFault == fData.BearingFault(1);
flow1 = data(idx,1);
flow1 = flow1.qOut_meas{1};
[flow1P,flow1F] = pspectrum(flow1);

% Look for a member that does not have any faults
idx = ...
    data.BlockingFault == 0.8 & ...
    data.LeakFault == 1e-9 & ...
    data.BearingFault == 0;
flow2 = data(idx,1);
flow2 = flow2.qOut_meas{1};
[flow2P,flow2F] = pspectrum(flow2);

% Plot the power spectra
semilogx(...
    flow1F,pow2db(flow1P),...
    flow2F,pow2db(flow2P));
xlabel('Hz')
legend('Small blocking fault','No fault')

まとめ

この例では Simulink モデルを使用して、往復ポンプの故障をモデル化し、さまざまな故障の組み合わせと重大度の下でモデルをシミュレートして、ポンプの出流量から状態インジケーターを抽出し、その状態インジケーターを使用してポンプの故障を検出するための分類器を学習させる方法を示しました。ここでは分類器を使用した故障検出の性能を調べ、小さな閉塞故障は故障なしの状態によく似ているため正確に検出できないことを確認しました。

サポート関数

function [flow,flowSpectrum,flowFrequencies,faultValues] = preprocess(data)
% Helper function to preprocess the logged reciprocating pump data.

% Remove the 1st 0.8 seconds of the flow signal
tMin = seconds(0.8);
flow = data.qOut_meas{1};
flow = flow(flow.Time >= tMin,:);
flow.Time = flow.Time - flow.Time(1);

% Ensure the flow is sampled at a uniform sample rate
flow = retime(flow,'regular','linear','TimeStep',seconds(1e-3));

% Remove the mean from the flow and compute the flow spectrum
fA = flow;
fA.Data = fA.Data - mean(fA.Data);
[flowSpectrum,flowFrequencies] = pspectrum(fA,'FrequencyLimits',[2 250]);

% Find the values of the fault variables from the SimulationInput
simin = data.SimulationInput{1};
vars = {simin.Variables.Name};
idx = strcmp(vars,'leak_cyl_area_WKSP');
LeakFault = simin.Variables(idx).Value;
idx = strcmp(vars,'block_in_factor_WKSP');
BlockingFault = simin.Variables(idx).Value;
idx = strcmp(vars,'bearing_fault_frict_WKSP');
BearingFault = simin.Variables(idx).Value;

% Collect the fault values in a cell array
faultValues = {...
    'LeakFault', LeakFault, ...
    'BlockingFault', BlockingFault, ...
    'BearingFault', BearingFault};
end

function ci = extractCI(flow,flowP,flowF)
% Helper function to extract condition indicators from the flow signal 
% and spectrum.

% Find the frequency of the peak magnitude in the power spectrum.
pMax = max(flowP);
fPeak = flowF(flowP==pMax);

% Compute the power in the low frequency range 10-20 Hz.
fRange = flowF >= 10 & flowF <= 20;
pLow = sum(flowP(fRange));

% Compute the power in the mid frequency range 40-60 Hz.
fRange = flowF >= 40 & flowF <= 60;
pMid = sum(flowP(fRange));

% Compute the power in the high frequency range >100 Hz.
fRange = flowF >= 100;
pHigh = sum(flowP(fRange));

% Find the frequency of the spectral kurtosis peak
[pKur,fKur] = pkurtosis(flow);
pKur = fKur(pKur == max(pKur));

% Compute the flow cumulative sum range.
csFlow = cumsum(flow.Data);
csFlowRange = max(csFlow)-min(csFlow);

% Collect the feature and feature values in a cell array. 
% Add flow statistic (mean, variance, etc.) and common signal 
% characteristics (rms, peak2peak, etc.) to the cell array.
ci = {...
    'qMean', mean(flow.Data), ...
    'qVar',  var(flow.Data), ...
    'qSkewness', skewness(flow.Data), ...
    'qKurtosis', kurtosis(flow.Data), ...
    'qPeak2Peak', peak2peak(flow.Data), ...
    'qCrest', peak2rms(flow.Data), ...
    'qRMS', rms(flow.Data), ...
    'qMAD', mad(flow.Data), ...
    'qCSRange',csFlowRange, ...
    'fPeak', fPeak, ...
    'pLow', pLow, ...
    'pMid', pMid, ...
    'pHigh', pHigh, ...
    'pKurtosis', pKur(1)};
end

参考

simulationEnsembleDatastore

シミュレーション データを使用した複数クラス故障検出