Magnitude FFT

Compute nonparametric estimate of spectrum using periodogram method

Library

• Estimation / Power Spectrum Estimation

  dspspect3

• Transforms

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Description

The Magnitude FFT block computes a nonparametric estimate of the spectrum using the periodogram method.

When the Output parameter is set to Magnitude squared, the block output for an M-by-N input u is equivalent to

y = abs(fft(u,nfft)).^2							% M ≤ nfft

When the Output parameter is set to Magnitude, the block output for an input u is equivalent to

y = abs(fft(u,nfft)) 								% M ≤ nfft

When M > N_fft, the block wraps the input to N_fft before computing the FFT using one of the above equations:

y(:,k)=datawrap(u(:,k),nfft)					% 1 ≤ k ≤ N

When M > N_fft, the block can also truncate the input:

y(:,k)=abs(fft(u,nfft)) 							% 1 ≤ k ≤ N

The block treats an M-by-N matrix input as M sequential time samples from N independent channels. The block computes a separate estimate for each of the N independent channels and generates an N_fft-by-N matrix output. Each column of the output matrix contains the estimate of the corresponding input column's power spectral density at N_fft equally spaced frequency points in the range [0,F_s), where F_s represents the signal's sample frequency. The block always outputs sample–based data.

The Magnitude FFT block supports real and complex floating-point inputs. The block also supports real fixed-point inputs in both Magnitude and Magnitude squared modes, and complex fixed-point inputs in the Magnitude squared mode.

Fixed-Point Data Types

The following diagram shows the data types used within the Magnitude FFT subsystem block for fixed-point signals.

The settings for the fixed-point parameters of the FFT block in the diagram above are as follows:

• Sine table — Same word length as input

• Integer rounding mode — Floor

• Saturate on integer overflow — unchecked

• Product output — Inherit via internal rule

• Accumulator — Inherit via internal rule

• Output — Inherit via internal rule

The settings for the fixed-point parameters of the Magnitude Squared block in the diagram above are as follows:

• Integer rounding mode — Floor

• Saturate on integer overflow — checked

• Output — Inherit via internal rule

Parameters

Output

Specify whether the block computes the magnitude FFT or magnitude-squared FFT of the input.

FFT implementation

Set this parameter to FFTW to support an arbitrary length input signal. The block restricts generated code with FFTW implementation to MATLAB^® host computers.

Set this parameter to Radix-2 for bit-reversed processing, fixed or floating-point data, or for portable C-code generation using the Simulink^® Coder™. The first dimension M, of the input matrix must be a power of two. To work with other input sizes, use the Pad block to pad or truncate these dimensions to powers of two, or if possible choose the FFTW algorithm.

Set this parameter to Auto to let the block choose the FFT implementation. For non-power-of-two transform lengths, the block restricts generated code to MATLAB host computers.

Inherit FFT length from input dimensions

Select to use the input frame size as the number of data points, on which to perform the FFT. When you select this check box, this number must be a power of two. When you do not select this check box, the FFT length parameter specifies the number of data points.

FFT length

Enter the number of data points on which to perform the FFT, N_fft. When N_fft is larger than the input frame size, each frame is zero-padded as needed. When N_fft is smaller than the input frame size, each frame is wrapped as needed. This parameter is enabled when you clear the Inherit FFT length from input dimensions check box.

When you set the FFT implementation parameter to Radix-2, this value must be a power of two.

Wrap input data when FFT length is shorter than input length

Choose to wrap or truncate the input, depending on the FFT length. If this parameter is checked, modulo-length data wrapping occurs before the FFT operation, given FFT length is shorter than the input length. If this property is unchecked, truncation of the input data to the FFT length occurs before the FFT operation. The default is checked.

Supported Data Types

Port	Supported Data Types
Input	Double-precision floating point Single-precision floating point Fixed point (signed and unsigned) 8-, 16-, and 32-bit signed integers
Output	Double-precision floating point Single-precision floating point Fixed point (signed only) 8-, 16-, and 32-bit signed integers

References

[1] FFTW (http://www.fftw.org)

[2] Frigo, M. and S. G. Johnson, “FFTW: An Adaptive Software Architecture for the FFT,”Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 3, 1998, pp. 1381-1384.

[3] Oppenheim, A. V. and R. W. Schafer. Discrete-Time Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989.

[4] Orfanidis, S. J. Introduction to Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1995.

[5] Proakis, J. and D. Manolakis. Digital Signal Processing. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996.

Extended Capabilities

C/C++ Code Generation

Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.

Usage notes and limitations:

• Generated code relies on memcpy or memset functions (string.h) under certain conditions.

• When the following conditions apply, the executable generated from this block relies on prebuilt dynamic library files (.dll files) included with MATLAB:

  • FFT implementation is set to FFTW.

  • Inherit FFT length from input dimensions is cleared, and FFT length is set to a value that is not a power of two.

  Use the packNGo function to package the code generated from this block and all the relevant files in a compressed zip file. Using this zip file, you can relocate, unpack, and rebuild your project in another development environment where MATLAB is not installed. For more details, see How To Run a Generated Executable Outside MATLAB.

• When the FFT length is a power of two, you can generate standalone C and C++ code from this block.

Fixed-Point Conversion
Design and simulate fixed-point systems using Fixed-Point Designer™.