結果:
This week is National Volunteer Week in the USA and Canada and to celebrate, I’d like to pay tribute to the volunteers in the Matlab Central Answers forum who have given countless hours to help total strangers make progress in their education, careers, and hobbies.
As of April 20, 2020, there have been 375,869 [1,2] questions asked by 183,968 [3] contributors dating back to the earliest existing question on January 4, 2011.
41,890 volunteers have contributed at least one answer leading up to 68% of the questions answered.
There is no contribution too small for earning well-deserved recognition and appreciation. A single answer or comment may benefit countless individuals who finally find the ideal solution to a problem that kept them up at night.
A number of volunteers in the forum have contributed far and beyond the imaginable and have shared so much of their time and expertise that it’s difficult to fathom. The bar graph below shows the top 10 volunteers in the forum by the number of answers provided. It’s hard to believe that Walter Roberson , a single individual ( we think ), has contributed a portion of answers equal to more than 18% of answered questions in the forum [4]. The top two volunteers, adding Image Analyst , contributed enough answers to equal almost 30% of the answered questions. These folks along with many others not listed in the bar graph who can be found on the contributors page are the foundation of so many Matlab users’ success including my own from June 2014, when I asked my first question.
Whether you’ve come to the forum to look for an answer or to write an answer, you’re undoubtedly standing on the shoulders of giants.
Footnotes
- Based on the number of answered and unanswered questions listed in the ‘Status’ table in recently added questions .
- Questions and answers posted by the MathWorks Support Team are not included in the data presented here, though much appreciated.
- The number of people who provided an answer is based on sorting the contributors page by ‘answers given’ in descending order.
- Since a contributor can write more than one answer to a question, we can’t easily measure the number of questions answered by a contributor.
New to r2020a, leapseconds() creates a table showing all leap seconds recognized by the datetime data type.
>> leapseconds() ans = 27×2 timetable Date Type CumulativeAdjustment ___________ ____ ____________________ 30-Jun-1972 + 1 sec 31-Dec-1972 + 2 sec 31-Dec-1973 + 3 sec 31-Dec-1974 + 4 sec 31-Dec-1975 + 5 sec << 21 rows removed >> 31-Dec-2016 + 27 sec
Leap seconds can covertly sneak into your data and cause errors that are difficult to resolve if the leap seconds go undetected. A leap second was responsible for crashing Reddit , Mozilla, Yelp, LinkedIn and other sites in 2012.
Detect leap seconds present in a vector of years
% Define a vector of years t = 2005:2008;
allLeapSeconds = leapseconds(); isYearWithLeapSecond = ismember(t,year(allLeapSeconds.Date));
% Show years that contain a leap second t(isYearWithLeapSecond) ans = 2005 2008
Detect leap seconds present in a vector of months
% Define a vector of months t = datetime(1972, 1, 1) + calmonths(0:11);
t.Format = 'MMM-yyyy'; allLeapSeconds = leapseconds(); [tY,tM] = ymd(t); [leapSecY, leapSecM] = ymd(allLeapSeconds.Date); isMonthWithLeapSecond = ismember([tY(:),tM(:)], [leapSecY, leapSecM], 'rows');
% Show months that contain a leap second t(isMonthWithLeapSecond) ans = 1×2 datetime array Jun-1972 Dec-1972
List all leap seconds in your lifetime
% Enter your birthday in mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss format yourBirthday = '01/15/1988 14:30:00';
yourTimeRange = timerange(datetime(yourBirthday), datetime('now')); allLeapSeconds = leapseconds(); lifeLeapSeconds = allLeapSeconds(yourTimeRange,:); lifeLeapSeconds.YourAge = lifeLeapSeconds.Date - datetime(yourBirthday); lifeLeapSeconds.YourAge.Format = 'y';
% Show table fprintf('\n Leap seconds in your lifetime:\n') disp(lifeLeapSeconds)
Leap seconds in your lifetime: Date Type CumulativeAdjustment YourAge ___________ ____ ____________________ __________ 31-Dec-1989 + 15 sec 1.9587 yrs 31-Dec-1990 + 16 sec 2.958 yrs << 8 rows removed >> 30-Jun-2012 + 25 sec 24.456 yrs 30-Jun-2015 + 26 sec 27.454 yrs 31-Dec-2016 + 27 sec 28.96 yrs
What is a leap second?
A second is defined as the time it takes a cesium-133 atom to oscillate 9,192,631,770 times under controlled conditions. The transition frequency is so precise that it takes 100 million years to gain 1 second of error [1]. If the earth’s rotation were perfectly synchronized to the atomic second, a day would be 86,400 seconds. But the earth’s rate of rotation is affected by climate, winds, atmospheric pressure, and the rate of rotation is gradually decreasing due to tidal friction [2,3]. Several months before the expected difference between the atomic clock-based time (UTC) and universal time (UT1) reaches +/- 0.9 seconds the IERS authorizes the addition (or subtraction) of 1 leap second (see plot below). Since the first leap second in 1972, all leap second adjustments have been made on the last day of June or December and all adjustments have been +1 second which explains the + signs in the type column of the leapseconds() table.
[ Image source ]
How to reference the leap second schedule in your code
Since leap second adjustments are not regularly timed, you can record the official IERS Bulletin C version used at the time of your analysis by accessing the 2nd output to leapseconds().
[T,vers] = leapseconds
What do leap seconds look like in datetime values?
A minute typically has 60 seconds spanning from 0:59. A minute containing a leap second has 61 seconds spanning from 0:60.
December 30, 2016 was a normal day. If we add the usual 86400 seconds to the start of that day, the result is the start of the next day.
d = datetime(2016, 12, 30, 'TimeZone','UTCLeapSeconds') + seconds(86400) d = datetime 2016-12-31T00:00:00.000Z
The next day, December 31, 2016, had a leap second. If we add 86400 seconds to the start of that day, the result is not the start of the next day.
d = datetime(2016, 12, 31, 'TimeZone','UTCLeapSeconds') + seconds(86400) d = datetime 2016-12-31T23:59:60.000Z
When will the next leap second be?
As of the current date (April 2020) the timing of the next leap second is unknown. Based on the data from the plot above, what's your guess?
References
Do date ranges from two different timetables intersect?
Is a specific datetime value within the range of a timetable?
Is the range of row times in a timetable within the limits of a datetime array?
Three new functions in r2020a will help to answer these questions.
- [tf, whichRows] = containsrange(TT,__)
- [tf, whichRows] = overlapsrange(TT,__)
- [tf, whichRows] = withinrange(TT,__)
In these function inputs, TT is a timetable and input #2 is one of the following:
- another timetable
- a time range object produced by timerange(startTime,endTime)
- a datetime scalar produced by datetime()
- a duration
The tf output is a logical scalar indicating pass|fail and the whichRows output is a logical vector identifying the rows of TT that are within the specified time range.
How do these functions differ?
Let's test all 3 functions with different time ranges and a timetable of electric utility outages in the United States, provided by Matlab. The first few rows of outages.csv are shown below in a timetable. You can see that the row times are not sorted which won't affect the behavior of these functions.
8×5 timetable OutageTime Region Loss Customers RestorationTime Cause ________________ _____________ ______ __________ ________________ ___________________ 2002-02-01 12:18 {'SouthWest'} 458.98 1.8202e+06 2002-02-07 16:50 {'winter storm' } 2003-01-23 00:49 {'SouthEast'} 530.14 2.1204e+05 NaT {'winter storm' } 2003-02-07 21:15 {'SouthEast'} 289.4 1.4294e+05 2003-02-17 08:14 {'winter storm' } 2004-04-06 05:44 {'West' } 434.81 3.4037e+05 2004-04-06 06:10 {'equipment fault'} 2002-03-16 06:18 {'MidWest' } 186.44 2.1275e+05 2002-03-18 23:23 {'severe storm' } 2003-06-18 02:49 {'West' } 0 0 2003-06-18 10:54 {'attack' } 2004-06-20 14:39 {'West' } 231.29 NaN 2004-06-20 19:16 {'equipment fault'} 2002-06-06 19:28 {'West' } 311.86 NaN 2002-06-07 00:51 {'equipment fault'}
The range of times in utility.csv is depicted by the gray timeline bar in the plot below labeled "Timetable row times". The timeline bars above it are various time ranges or scalar datetime values used to test the three new functions.
The three columns of checkboxes on the right of the plot show the results of the first output of each function, tf, for each time range.
The time ranges were created by the timerange function using the syntax timerange(startTime,endTime). The default intervalType in timerange() is 'openright' which means that datetimes are matched when they are equal to or greater than startTime and less than but not equal to endTime. The scalar datetime values were created with datetime().
The colorbar along with the colored points at the bottom of each timeline bar show the row numbers of timetable TT that were selected by the whichRows output of the three functions.
The containsrange() function returns true when all of the time range values are within the timetable including the timetable's minimum and maximum datetime.
The overlapsrange() function returns true when any of the time range values are with the timetable's range.
The withinrange() function returns true only when all of the timetable's datetime values are within the time range values. A careful observer may see that comparison number 1 is false even though that time range is exactly equal to the timetable's row time range. This is because the default value for intervalType in the timerange() function is 'openright' which does not match the end values if they are equal. If you change the intervalType to 'closed' the withinrange result for comparison 1 would be true.
The scalar datetime values for comparisons 8, 9 and 10 are all exact matches of datetimes within the timetable and result in a single match in the whichRows output. The datetime values for comparisons 7 and 11 do not match any of the timetable row times and the values in whichRows are all false even though comparison 7 is within the timetable range. For all three tests, the whichRows outputs are identical.
---------------------------------------------------------------
Here is the code used to generate this data, test the functions, and produce the plot.
% Read in the outage data as a table and convert it to a timetable TT. T = readtable('outages.csv'); TT = table2timetable(T);
% Look at the first few rows. head(TT) % Show that row time vector is not sorted. issorted(TT)
% Get the earliest and latest row time. outageTimeLims = [min(TT.OutageTime), max(TT.OutageTime)];
% Define time ranges to test [start,end] or scalar times [datetime, NaT] % The scalar times must be listed after time ranges. dateRanges = [ % start, end outageTimeLims; % original data outageTimeLims; % equal time range datetime(2005,2,1), datetime(2011,2,1); % all within datetime(1998,3,16), datetime(2018,4,11); % starts before, ends after datetime(2000,1,1), datetime(2010,4,11); % starts before, ends within datetime(2009,1,15), datetime(2019, 4,7); % starts within, ends after datetime(2015,6,15), datetime(2019,12,31); % all outside datetime(2008,6,6), NaT; % 1-value, inside, not a member [TT.OutageTime(find(year(TT.OutageTime)==2010,1)), NaT] % 1 value, inside, is a member outageTimeLims(1), NaT; % 1-value, on left edge outageTimeLims(2), NaT; % 1-value, on right edge datetime(2000,6,6), NaT; % 1-value, outside ]; nRanges = size(dateRanges,1); dateRangeLims = [min(dateRanges,[],'all'), max(dateRanges,[],'all')];
% Set up the figure and axes uifig = uifigure('Name', 'Timetable_intersection_demo', 'Resize', 'off'); uifig.Position(3:4) = [874,580]; movegui(uifig,'center') uiax = uiaxes(uifig, 'Position', [0,0,uifig.Position(3:4)], 'box', 'on', 'YAxisLocation', 'right',... 'ytick', -.5:1:nRanges, 'YTickLabel', [], 'ylim', [-3.5, nRanges], 'FontSize', 18); hold(uiax, 'on') grid(uiax, 'on') uiax.Toolbar.Visible = 'off'; % Add axes labels & title title(uiax, strrep(uifig.Name,'_',' ')) xlabel(uiax, 'Timeline') ylab = ylabel(uiax, 'Comparison number'); set(ylab, 'Rotation', -90, 'VerticalAlignment', 'Bottom')
% Add the timetable frame fill(uiax, outageTimeLims([1,2,2,1]), [-.7,-.7,nRanges-.3,nRanges-.3] , 0.85938*[1,1,1], ... %gainsboro 'EdgeColor', 0.41016*[1,1,1], 'LineStyle', '--', 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'FaceAlpha', .25) %dimgray
% Set xtick & xlim after x-axis is converted to datetime range = @(x)max(x)-min(x); uiax.XLim = dateRangeLims + range(dateRangeLims).*[-.01, .40]; uiax.XTick = dateshift(dateRangeLims(1),'start','Year') : calyears(2) : dateshift(dateRangeLims(2),'start','Year','next'); xtickformat(uiax,'yyyy')
% Set up timeline plot lineColors = [0.41016*[1,1,1]; lines(nRanges-1)]; %dimGray uiax.Colormap = parula(size(TT,1)); tfUniCodes = {char(09745),char(09746)}; %{true, false} checkbox characters barHeight = 0.8; rightMargin = [max(dateRangeLims),max(uiax.XLim)]; tfCenters = linspace(rightMargin(1),rightMargin(2),5); tfCenters([1,end]) = []; intervalType = 'openright'; % open, closed, openleft openright(def); see https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/timerange.html#bvdk6vh-intervalType
% Loop through each row of dateRanges for i = 0:nRanges-1 % Plot timeline bar pObj = fill(uiax, dateRanges(i+1,[1,2,2,1]), i+[-barHeight,-barHeight,barHeight,barHeight]/2, lineColors(i+1,:), 'FaceAlpha', .4);
% Evaluate date ranges and single values differently if any(isnat(dateRanges(i+1,:))) % Test single datetime tr = dateRanges(i+1,~isnat(dateRanges(i+1,:))); set(pObj, 'LineWidth', 3, 'EdgeAlpha', .6, 'EdgeColor', lineColors(i+1,:)) else % Test date range tr = timerange(dateRanges(i+1,1), dateRanges(i+1,2),intervalType); end
% Create timerange obj and test for intersections [tf(1), whichRows{1}] = containsrange(TT,tr); [tf(2), whichRows{2}] = overlapsrange(TT,tr); [tf(3), whichRows{3}] = withinrange(TT,tr); % Confirm that all 'whichRows' are equal assert(isequal(whichRows{1},whichRows{2},whichRows{3}), 'Unequal whichRows outputs.')
if i>0 % Add pass/fail checkboxes text(uiax, tfCenters(tf), repmat(i,1,sum(tf)), repmat(tfUniCodes(1),1,sum(tf)), ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'Center', 'Color', [0 .5 0], 'FontSize', 36, 'FontWeight', 'Bold') % Fail checkboxes text(uiax, tfCenters(~tf), repmat(i,1,sum(~tf)), repmat(tfUniCodes(2),1,sum(~tf)), ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'Center', 'Color', [1 0 0], 'FontSize', 36, 'FontWeight', 'Bold')
% Plot the TT row number matches scatter(uiax, TT.OutageTime(whichRows{1}), repmat(i-barHeight/2+.1,1,sum(whichRows{1})), ... 10, uiax.Colormap(whichRows{1},:), 'filled', 'MarkerFaceAlpha', 0.2) else % add stripes to reference bar xHatch = linspace(dateRanges(i+1,1)-days(2), dateRanges(i+1,2)+days(2), 20); yHatch = repmat(unique(pObj.YData), 1, 19); plot(uiax, [xHatch(1:end-1);xHatch(2:end)], yHatch, '-', 'Color', [1 1 1 .5], 'LineWidth', 4) pObj.FaceAlpha = .9; text(uiax, mean(outageTimeLims), 0, 'Timetable row times', 'FontSize', 20, ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'Center', 'VerticalAlignment', 'middle', 'FontWeight', 'Bold') end end
% Draw frame around checkboxs for duration comparisons and label intervalType rectEdges = linspace(rightMargin(1),rightMargin(2),33); nDurations = sum(~isnat(dateRanges(:,2)))-1; fill(uiax, rectEdges([6,end-5,end-5,6]), [.4 .4 nDurations+[.4,.4]], 'w', ... 'FaceAlpha', 0, 'LineWidth', 1.5, 'EdgeColor', 0.41016*[1,1,1]) % dimgray text(uiax, rectEdges(6), nDurations/2+.5, sprintf('intervalType: %s', intervalType), 'FontSize', 16, ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'Center', 'VerticalAlignment', 'Bottom', 'Rotation', 90)
% Add text labels for checkboxes and comparison number text(uiax, tfCenters, [.5 .5 .5], {'containsrange ', 'overlapsrange ', 'withinrange '}, 'Fontsize', 22, 'Rotation', 90, ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'right', 'FontWeight', 'b') text(uiax, repmat(rightMargin(2)-range(xlim(uiax))*.02,1,nRanges-1), 1:nRanges-1, cellstr(num2str((1:nRanges-1)')), ... 'HorizontalAlignment', 'Right', 'FontSize', 16)
% Add color bar; position it under the timetable bar (must be done after all other axes properties are set) % requires coordinate tranformation from data units to fig position units. cb = colorbar(uiax, 'Location', 'South', 'TickDirection', 'Out', 'YAxisLocation', 'Bottom', 'FontSize', 11); caxis(uiax, [1,size(TT,1)]) cb.Position(3) = range(outageTimeLims)/range(xlim(uiax)) * (uiax.InnerPosition(3)/uifig.Position(3)); cb.Position(1) = ((outageTimeLims(1)-min(xlim(uiax)))/range(xlim(uiax)) * uiax.InnerPosition(3) + uiax.InnerPosition(1)) / uifig.Position(3); cb.Position(4) = 0.008; cb.Position(2) = ((-barHeight-min(ylim(uiax))-.5)/range(ylim(uiax)) * uiax.InnerPosition(4) + uiax.InnerPosition(2)) / uifig.Position(4); ylabel(cb, 'Timetable row number')
The following is a list of updates and new features for File Exchange and Cody.
New Features
- (Coming soon) Support for GitHub releases added to File Exchange - Stay tuned for an upcoming announcement later this month.
- 2 new Cody problem groups - Visit Cody to see the new MATLAB Basics and Beyond the Basics problem groups.
Let us know what you think about these new features by replying below.
Take a look at this handy cheatsheet from Peijin Zhang, a PhD student of solar radio at USTC, China. This is especially helpful for those preparing figures for a paper.
https://github.com/Pjer-zhang/matlabPlotCheatsheet
Do you know of any other cheatsheets for MATLAB?
Cody has a wealth of problem groups that allow users of various skill levels to improve programming skills vis-à-vis MATLAB in an engaging way.
I would like to highlight the Draw Letters group, composed of problems created by Majid Farzaneh.
If you haven't yet visited Cody or solved that problem group, I would recommend that you head over there now. What are you waiting for?
We have created a new distance learning community for educators who are teaching remotely or online using MathWorks tools. It houses resources, such as articles, code examples, and videos, as well as an area where community members can ask questions or hold discussions around best practices in distance learning. Jiro Doke , who also writes for the File Exchange Pick of the Week blog, will be moderating this community.
We encourage you to visit the new community and share best practices, examples, and ask questions.
We have created a new page in MATLAB Answers that aggregates the most frequently asked MATLAB questions (FAQs). FAQs are common and a good starting point for anyone learning something new and having them all in one place can be a useful resource. Our new FAQ page lists the top 100 MATLAB questions asked and answered in MATLAB Central . They are grouped into the following 9 categories:
- Data Import and Analysis
- Graphics: Basics
- Graphics: Objects
- Installation and Licensing
- Language Fundamentals: Basics
- Language Fundamentals: Matrices and Arrays
- Language Fundamentals: Operators and Elementary Operations
- Mathematics
- Programming
I recommend that everyone scans the new FAQ page as you might find some useful tips.
We will be updating the FAQ page regularly as new questions are asked in the community. We welcome any feedback you have.
Check out this pick of the week from Emma Gau. Emma's submission is featured on the Live Script gallery. Check out the blog post to see why Owen picked it.
Check out this pick of the week from Will. Steve's progressbar submission has been around since 2005 and still runs perfectly. Check out the blog post to see why Will picked it.
We are excited to announce that Adam Danz has accepted our invitation and now is a member of the Community Advisory Board (CAB)!
Adam has been a rising star in Answers, obtaining 4500+ reputation points in the past year! Furthermore, he has contributed high-quality files to File Exchange, with an average rating of 4.8. Adam also demonstrates good communication skills and the ability to work with others. Those characteristics are what we expect to see from a CAB advisor. You can learn more about him and CAB on the CAB page .
On behalf of all the community team, we would like to extend our warmest welcome to Adam!
Check out Sean's blog posts ( Intro , Authoring ) on Spider Plots. He's using spider_plot by Moses to create beautiful plots like this.
The following is a list of updates and new features for MATLAB Central, including MATLAB Answers, File Exchange, Blogs, and Cody.
New Features
Community highlights channel released - See this post for more details.
Answers comment UI change - A minor improvement to the user interface when adding comments to questions and answers in MATLAB Answers. This change should make it easier to discern between commenting and adding a new answers to a question.
Answers rich text editor update - The rich text editor has been updated to the 19b version of the MATLAB Live Editor. This update will primarily help with syntax highlighting along with resolving a few other issues.
Answer pages translation option - Answers translations options added. A translation option for questions and answers content has been added for French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Chinese languages.
Hey everyone! I'm spotlighting Nikolaos Nikolaou today because of the sheer quantity of his Cody solutions over such a relatively short time span. Nikolaos has submitted 1,161 Cody solutions over the last 6 months of 2019, averaging 6.4 solutions per day. Achieving a Cody rank of 19 with a score of 18,820 and earning him a plethora of badges (including the Speed Demon badge of course). He's completed 24 problem groups and is well into most of the remaining 35.
Way to go Nikolaos!
Check out nextname by Stephen Cobeldick, this weeks pick by Jiro. Read Jiro's blog post about why he picked Stephen's submission this week.
Please post any comments to Jiro's blog post here.
I'm please to announce this new MATLAB Central feature for posting community highlights. This new channel will:
- Allow MathWorks and the community leaders to easily post newsworthy items to the community
- Allow community visitors to respond to these posts with Likes and Replies
- Allow anyone to follow/subscribe the channel so they can be notified of new posts
What do we mean by newsworthy? In short, this means anything we think some or all of the community might like to know. Here are some examples of what we’re thinking about posting to this new channel.
- New or upcoming community features or events
- User highlights (e.g. examples of good behavior, interesting posts)
- Interesting content (e.g. File Exchange pick of the week submissions)
- Release notes and new features
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New highlights will appear on the community home page at the time they are posted and all past highlights can be found by going to the community home page and clicking the Highlights link in the right column.
As always, let us know what you think by liking this post or commenting below.
The following is a list of updates and new features for MATLAB Central, including MATLAB Answers, File Exchange, Blogs, and Cody.
New Features
Profile search - A global community profile search has been added. The search field on community profile pages has been updated from a standard content search to a user profile search. This improvement makes it easier to find community members across all MATLAB Central. Previously one had to search the Answers contributors , File Exchange authors , and Cody players page when looking for a user profile.
Last seen - We have added a 'last seen' timestamp to community profiles which displays the date of a person's last visit to MATLAB Central. This can be a relevant bit of information and help determine how recent someone has been active in the community.
Answers pages design update - Answers Q&A pages have been updated to remove extra white space. This update includes smaller sized avatars, and position changes for the voting and content actions among other small changes. All these changes also help improve the mobile experience as well.
Original poster styles - Original poster styles have been introduced in Answers. When a question author participates in a Q&A thread their comments or answers will be styled with a blue background and left border so they're easily discernable from other contributors.
File Exchange data in monthly emails - File Exchange stats will be included in the monthly email we send to contributors who've participated in the community on any given month.
Trending content algorithm - The MATLAB Central home page trending content algorithm has been updated to look at content activity over a shorter period of time resulting in a more dynamic feed.
Walter Roberson does it again by winning the coveted MOST ACCEPTED answers badge for all his contributions in MATLAB Answers this past year. Walter has won this badge every year since 2015. It was way back in 2014 when Image Analyst out paced Walter and was awarded the badge.
There are 10 community members who have achieved the Top Downloads badge for their popular File Exchange submissions in 2019. Do you recognize any of these names? There's a good chance you've used one or more of their toolboxes or scripts in your work if you're a frequent visitor to File Exchange, if you're not you might want to check out what they've posted, it may save you a lot of time writing your own code.
--------------------- Top Downloads Badge Winners -----------------
- Diego Barragán
- Dirk-Jan Kroon
- Yi Cao
- John D'Errico
- Yair Altman
- Giampiero Campa
- Michael Kleder
- Dr. Siva Malla
- Antonio Trujillo-Ortiz
- Brett Shoelson
Congratulations to all these winners and a giant THANK YOU for all they've done this past year to help everyone in the MATLAB Central community!