Error: File: fingerprint.m Line: 72 Column: 37 Invalid expression. When calling a function or indexing a variable, use parentheses. Otherwise, check for mismatched delimiters.

%to get y gradient
filter_gradient = transpose(filter_gradient);
I_vertical = filter2(filter_gradient,image);
gradient_times_value=I_horizontal.*I_vertical;
gradient_sq_minus_value=(I_vertical-
I_horizontal).*(I_vertical+I_horizontal);
gradient_for_bg_under = (I_horizontal.*I_horizontal) +
(I_vertical.*I_vertical);
for i=1:W:w
    for j=1:W:h
    if j+W-1 < h & i+W-1 < w
        times_value = sum(sum(gradient_times_value(i:i+W-1, j:j+W-1)));
        minus_value = sum(sum(gradient_sq_minus_value(i:i+W-1, j:j+W-
        1)));
        sum_value = sum(sum(gradient_for_bg_under(i:i+W-1, j:j+W-1)));
        bg_certainty = 0;
        theta = 0;
        if sum_value ~= 0 & times_value ~=0
            %if sum_value ~= 0 & minus_value ~= 0 & times_value ~= 0
            bg_certainty = (times_value*times_value +
            minus_value*minus_value)/(W*W*sum_value);
            if bg_certainty > 0.05
                blockIndex(ceil(i/W),ceil(j/W)) = 1;

[Geoff Hayes]

indrani - please indicate or include the line of code that is throwing the error.

[indrani dalui]

dear sir,

please find the attached file here and please help me out.

%(Image Enhancement)

image=imread('thumb.jpg');

function [final]=fftenhance(image,f)

I = 255-double(image);

[w,h] = size(I);

%out = I;

w1=floor(w/32)*32;

h1=floor(h/32)*32;

inner = zeros(w1,h1);

for i=1:32:w1

for j=1:32:h1

a=i+31;

b=j+31;

F=fft2( I(i:a,j:b) );

factor=abs(F).^f;

block = abs(ifft2(F.*factor));

larv=max(block(:));

if larv==0

larv=1;

end;

block= block./larv;

inner(i:a,j:b) = block;

end;

end;

final=inner*255;

final=histeq(uint8(final));

%(Image Binarization )

function [o] = adaptiveThres(a,W,noShow);

%Adaptive thresholding is performed by segmenting image a

[w,h] = size(a);

o = zeros(w,h);

%seperate it to W block

%step to w with step length W

for i=1:W:w

for j=1:W:h

mean_thres = 0;

if i+W-1 <= w & j+W-1 <= h

mean_thres = mean2(a(i:i+W-1,j:j+W-1));

mean_thres = 0.8*mean_thres;

o(i:i+W-1,j:j+W-1) = a(i:i+W-1,j:j+W-1) < mean_thres;

end;

end;

end;

if nargin == 2

imagesc(o);

colormap(gray);

end;

%(Block Direction Estimation)

function [p,z] = direction(image,blocksize,noShow)

%image=adaptiveThres(image,16,0);

[w,h] = size(image);

direct = zeros(w,h);

gradient_times_value = zeros(w,h);

gradient_sq_minus_value = zeros(w,h);

gradient_for_bg_under = zeros(w,h);

W = blocksize;

theta = 0;

sum_value = 1;

bg_certainty = 0;

blockIndex = zeros(ceil(w/W),ceil(h/W));

%directionIndex = zeros(ceil(w/W),ceil(h/W));

times_value = 0;

minus_value = 0;

center = [];

filter_gradient = fspecial('sobel');

%to get x gradient

I_horizontal = filter2(filter_gradient,image);

%to get y gradient

filter_gradient = transpose(filter_gradient);

I_vertical = filter2(filter_gradient,image);

gradient_times_value=I_horizontal.*I_vertical;

gradient_sq_minus_value=(I_vertical-

I_horizontal).*(I_vertical+I_horizontal);

gradient_for_bg_under = (I_horizontal.*I_horizontal) +

(I_vertical.*I_vertical);

for i=1:W:w

for j=1:W:h

if j+W-1 < h & i+W-1 < w

times_value = sum(sum(gradient_times_value(i:i+W-1, j:j+W-1)));

minus_value = sum(sum(gradient_sq_minus_value(i:i+W-1, j:j+W-

1)));

sum_value = sum(sum(gradient_for_bg_under(i:i+W-1, j:j+W-1)));

bg_certainty = 0;

theta = 0;

if sum_value ~= 0 & times_value ~=0

%if sum_value ~= 0 & minus_value ~= 0 & times_value ~= 0

bg_certainty = (times_value*times_value +

minus_value*minus_value)/(W*W*sum_value);

if bg_certainty > 0.05

blockIndex(ceil(i/W),ceil(j/W)) = 1;

[indrani dalui]

gradient_sq_minus_value==(I_vertical-

I_horizontal).*(I_vertical+I_horizontal);

(gradient_for_bg_under) = (I_horizontal.*I_horizontal) +

(I_vertical.*I_vertical);

in above underline portion that errpr is shown

[Geoff Hayes]

See answer to https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/519637-please-help-me-can-not-find-out-the-error

Answer 1

[Steven Lord]

If you want to break a calculation across multiple lines, you must use ... at the end of the line to continue the expression to the next.

a = 1 + ...
    2 + 3 % result is a = 6
b = 1 + ...
    2 + ...
    3 + ...
    4 % result is b = 10

If you omit the ellipsis:

c = 1 +
    2 + 3; % result is an error