How to show r square correlation and RMSE on a scatterplot

I have 2 colmuns in my excel file and I need to make the scatterplot which I wrote:

dataset = xlsread ('data.xlxs');

x = dataset (:,1);

y = dataset (:,2);

plot (x, y, '*')

title('scatterplot')

xlable('estimated')

ylable('measured')

Now I need to fit a linear regression line on the plot and display the Y=ax+b equation along with R square and RMSE values on the plot.

Can anyone help me? Thanks

[Rik]

What have you tried yourself?

[PARIVASH PARIDAD]

I tried the basic fit tool which exists after you plot the scatter to show R2 but I want to write a code for it and for RMSE, I do not how to do it

Answer 1

[Petter Stefansson]

Given your x and y vectors, perhaps this is what you are looking for?

plot(x, y, '*','displayname','Scatterplot')
title('scatterplot')
xlabel('estimated')
ylabel('measured')

% Fit linear regression line with OLS.
b = [ones(size(x,1),1) x]\y;
% Use estimated slope and intercept to create regression line.
RegressionLine = [ones(size(x,1),1) x]*b;

% Plot it in the scatter plot and show equation.
hold on,
plot(x,RegressionLine,'displayname',sprintf('Regression line (y = %0.2f*x + %0.2f)',b(2),b(1)))
legend('location','nw')

% RMSE between regression line and y
RMSE = sqrt(mean((y-RegressionLine).^2));
% R2 between regression line and y
SS_X = sum((RegressionLine-mean(RegressionLine)).^2);
SS_Y = sum((y-mean(y)).^2);
SS_XY = sum((RegressionLine-mean(RegressionLine)).*(y-mean(y)));
R_squared = SS_XY/sqrt(SS_X*SS_Y);

fprintf('RMSE: %0.2f | R2: %0.2f\n',RMSE,R_squared)

[PARIVASH PARIDAD]

Thanks so much to both of you.

Can you please tell me how to show the calculated RMSE and R2 also on the plot please?

[Petter Stefansson]

If you want it shown in the title of the figure you could for example write:

title(sprintf('RMSE: %0.2f | R2: %0.2f', RMSE, R_squared))

If you want it shown in the legend along with the regression equation:

plot(x,RegressionLine,'displayname',sprintf('Regression line (y = %0.2f*x + %0.2f | RMSE %0.2f | R2: %0.2f)',b(2),b(1),RMSE,R_squared))

Or if you want it shown floating in a position of your choice in the figure:

text(xloc,yloc,sprintf('RMSE: %0.2f | R2: %0.2f', RMSE, R_squared))
% xloc and yloc should be the x and y coordinates where you want the text

[PARIVASH PARIDAD]

Thanks you very much Petter Stefansson.

[PARIVASH PARIDAD]

Dear Petter Stefansson, can I ask if i need to plot the line of 45 degree instead of regression line, how may I do it?

[Petter Stefansson]

If you mean you want a “1/1 line", i.e. a line that increases by the same amount in both the x and y direction and just cuts the figure in a 45° angle, then you can just give the plot command the same input for both the x and y values. For example, to plot a 1/1 line between -100 and 100:

plot([-100 100],[-100 100],'displayname','1/1 line')

However, this line may not visually appear as if it has a 45° slope unless the x and y axis are displayed the same way. So you will probably have to use something like this in order for it to look right:

plot([-100 100],[-100 100],'displayname','1/1 line')
axis equal
xlim([-0.05 0.6])
ylim([-0.05 0.6])

[PARIVASH PARIDAD]

Thanks so much

Answer 2

[Rik]

With the code below you can determine a fitted value for y. Now it should be easy to calculate the Rsquare and RMSE. Let me know if you're having any issues.

x=sort(20*rand(30,1));
y=4*x+14+rand(size(x));
plot(x,y,'.')

f=@(b,x) b(1)*x+b(2);%linear function
guess_slope=(max(y)-min(y))/(max(x)-min(x));
guess_intercept=0;
b_init=[guess_slope;guess_intercept];

OLS=@(b,x,y,f) sum((f(b,x) - y).^2);%objective least squares
opts = optimset('MaxFunEvals',50000, 'MaxIter',10000);
% Use 'fminsearch' to minimise the 'OLS' function
b_fit=fminsearch(OLS,b_init,opts,x,y,f);

x_fit=x;
y_fit=f(b_fit,x_fit);

[PARIVASH PARIDAD]

Thanks a lot Rik. I am new to Matlab. I have to study more to even fully get your code. I do not actually how to calculate R2 and RMSE.

[Rik]

Do you know how to calculate the Rsquare and RMSE with pen and paper? Start there and then implement it. Wikipedia can be a great starting point for situations like this.

As for my code, there isn't really a need to fully understand how an OLS function itself works, it is just one example of a cost function. Every fitting method has some function that describes how well a function fits that data. The fitting process then consists of trying to find parameters that will minimize the cost function. (this is not specific to Matlab)

The fminsearch function tries to minimize a function. This function can have multiple inputs, but the first input must be a vector or matrix with your parameters.

[Rik]

Since Petter Stefansson wrote a complete answer, I'll attach a wrapper for fminsearch I sometimes use, which will also return goodness of fit parameters. I still encourage you to try to find out how it works with pen and paper, attempt to implement it yourself, and see if you get to the same code as me or Petter.

Answer 3

[ABHILASH SINGH]

For those who is looking for a complete set of code; Just check this

https://de.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/78703-linear-regression-plot-with-confidence-intervals-in-matlab