Parallel Computing Toolbox can use both types of cores. MATLAB will rely on the operating system to schedule processes across the available cores, whether they are performance-oriented or designed for efficiency. However, it's important to note that while PCT can utilize both performance (P) and efficiency (E) cores, the best practice for computational tasks is to start with a number of parallel workers equivalent to the number of physical P cores. This is because P cores are akin to traditional physical cores in terms of computational capability, while E cores are optimized for power-saving and less intensive tasks.
From R2024a onwards Parallel Computing Toolbox's local 'Processes' profile will use a number of default workers equal to the number of P cores on the machine.
This may not apply to all chipsets consistently, if performance cores are not correctly detected the default will remain the number of physical cores on the machine. The default number of workers used can be altered by the same steps in the link at the bottom.
Windows Power Plan
If you are using Windows, you may wish to look at adjusting your Windows Power Plan. If this is set to ‘balanced’ then Windows may deprioritise background or unselected applications so they will only run on the E cores of the system. Setting the power plan to ‘High Performance’ should cause the Intel Thread Director to be able to select which workloads are best suited to each core.
Performance Expectations
You may still see performance gains when including efficiency cores in your parallel computations, but the scaling may differ from performance cores. The actual performance improvement will depend on the nature of your code and the specific tasks being executed. In some cases, efficiency cores can handle less demanding parallel tasks effectively, allowing the performance cores to focus on more intensive computations.
If you wish to change the default number of cores used:
See also this Answer for further details on changing the number of cores leveraged by Parallel Computing Toolbox: https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/2042101-how-can-i-increase-the-number-of-matlab-workers-inside-parallel-computing-toolbox-to-use-all-the-cor
