Getting an error as "??? Error using ==> horzcat CAT arguments dimensions are not consistent" in the offline signature verification code below.

In this error found in offline signature verification system code, when iam comparing a scaned signature image to the database image, the relative code will be as follows..

Error code:

function [aspect_ratio ,abs_height1 , abs_width ,gri_featu, z4]=create_template(namefile,pathname)

% function [cx,cy] =normal(j1,x,y);
% j=imread('D:\ProgramC\matlab\SIG_WORK\image\user10_image.bmp');
% j=imresize(j,[256 400]);
% j=fc(end:2:1,end:2:1);
namefile1=[pathname namefile];
j = imread(namefile1);
 figure,imshow(j);
% p=logical(j);
[x,y]=size(j);
r_one=ones(x,10).*256;      

c_one=ones(10,y+10).*256;
j=[r_one,j];               %mainly error found in this line
j=[c_one;j];
[x,y]=size(j);
figure,imshow(j);
% r_one=ones(x,1).*256;
% c_one=ones(1,y+1).*256;
% j=[r_one,j];
% j=[c_one;j];
cx=x/2;
cy=y/2;
h=[cx,cy];
% xmean=double(sum(sum(j(cx,:))))/cy
% ymean=double(sum(sum(j(:,cy))))/cx
% p=j(cx,:)
% v=p(:)-xmean
% summa1=0;
% for i=1:1:y
%     summa1=summa1+((j(cx,:)-xmean)).^2
% end
v=j(round(cx),:);
% m=double(v(cy:y));
xmean=sum(v(:))/y;
% l2=m(:);
% l3=length(l2);
v1=j(:,round(cy));
% m1=double(v1(cx:x));
% l4=length(m1);
ymean=double(sum(v1(:))/x);
p=double(v-xmean);
p1=p().^2;
summa1=0;
for i=1:1:y
    summa1=summa1+p1(i);
end
t1=summa1;
j1=double(v1-ymean);
u=zeros(y-x,1);
j1=[j1;u];
p2=j1().^2;
summa2=0;
for d=1:1:x
    summa2=summa2+p2(d);
end
t2=summa2;
q0=p(:).*j1;
summa3=0;
for q=1:1:y
    summa3=summa3+q0(q);
end
t3=summa3;
k1=acosd((1/(2^0.5))*(abs(1+(t1-t2))/(t1^2+4*t3^2-2*t1*t2+t2^2)^0.5)^0.5);
k2=acosd(-(1/(2^0.5))*(abs(1+(t1-t2))/(t1^2+4*t3^2-2*t1*t2+t2^2)^0.5)^0.5);
k3=-acosd((1/(2^0.5))*(abs(1+(t1-t2))/(t1^2+4*t3^2-2*t1*t2+t2^2)^0.5)^0.5);
k4=-acosd(-(1/(2^0.5))*(abs(1+(t1-t2))/(t1^2+4*t3^2-2*t1*t2+t2^2)^0.5)^0.5);
k5=acosd((1/(2^0.5))*(abs(1+(t2-t1))/(t1^2+4*t3^2-2*t1*t2+t2^2)^0.5)^0.5);
k6=acosd(-(1/(2^0.5))*(abs(1+(t2-t1))/(t1^2+4*t3^2-2*t1*t2+t2^2)^0.5)^0.5);
k7=-acosd((1/(2^0.5))*(abs(1+(t2-t1))/(t1^2+4*t3^2-2*t1*t2+t2^2)^0.5)^0.5);
k8=-acosd(-(1/(2^0.5))*(abs(1+(t2-t1))/(t1^2+4*t3^2-2*t1*t2+t2^2)^0.5)^0.5);
f1=(cos(angle(k1)))^2*t1+2*cos(angle(k1))*sin(angle(k1))*t3+(sin(angle(k1)))^2*t2;
f2=(cos(angle(k2)))^2*t1+2*cos(angle(k2))*sin(angle(k2))*t3+(sin(angle(k2)))^2*t2;
f3=(cos(angle(k3)))^2*t1+2*cos(angle(k3))*sin(angle(k3))*t3+(sin(angle(k3)))^2*t2;
f4=(cos(angle(k4)))^2*t1+2*cos(angle(k4))*sin(angle(k4))*t3+(sin(angle(k4)))^2*t2;
f5=(cos(angle(k5)))^2*t1+2*cos(angle(k5))*sin(angle(k5))*t3+(sin(angle(k5)))^2*t2;
f6=(cos(angle(k6)))^2*t1+2*cos(angle(k6))*sin(angle(k6))*t3+(sin(angle(k6)))^2*t2;
f7=(cos(angle(k7)))^2*t1+2*cos(angle(k7))*sin(angle(k7))*t3+(sin(angle(k7)))^2*t2;
f8=(cos(angle(k8)))^2*t1+2*cos(angle(k8))*sin(angle(k8))*t3+(sin(angle(k8)))^2*t2;
if (f1>=f3&f1>=f2&f1>=f4&f1>=f5&f1>=f6&f1>=f7&f1>=f8)
    if(k1<k2&k1<k3&k1<k4&k1<k6&k1<k7&k1<k8)
l0=[cosd(angle(k1)) sind(angle(k1)) 0
    -sind(angle(k1)) cosd(angle(k1)) 0
    0 0 1];
trform=maketform('affine',l0);

tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
figure,imshow(transformedim);
% % else 
%   l0=[cosd(angle(k2)) sind(angle(k2)) 0
%     -sind(angle(k2)) cosd(angle(k2)) 0
%     0 0 1];
 %trform=maketform('affine',l0)
% 
 %tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
 %transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
 %figure,imview(transformedim);
    end
end
if (f2>=f3&f2>=f1&f2>=f4&f2>=f5&f2>=f6&f2>=f7&f2>=f8)
    if (k2<k1&k2<k3&k2<k4&k2<k5&k2<k7&k2<k8)

l0=[cosd(angle(k2)) sind(angle(k2)) 0
    -sind(angle(k2)) cosd(angle(k2)) 0
    0 0 1];
trform=maketform('affine',l0);

tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
figure,imshow(transformedim); 
    end
end
% % % else
%     l0=[cosd(angle(k4)) sind(angle(k4)) 0
%     -sind(angle(k4)) cosd(angle(k4)) 0
%     0 0 1];
% trform=maketform('affine',l0)
% 
% tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
% transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
% figure,imview(transformedim);
% % %     end
% % % end
if(f3>=f2&f3>=f1&f3>=f4&f3>=f5&f3>=f6&f3>=f7&f3>=f8)
    if (k3<k2&k3<k1&k3<k4&k3<k5&k3<k6&k3<k8)

l0=[cosd(angle(k3)) sind(angle(k3)) 0
    -sind(angle(k3)) cosd(angle(k3)) 0
    0 0 1];
trform=maketform('affine',l0);

tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
figure,imshow(transformedim); 
    end
end
% % % else
% % %     l0=[cosd(angle(k6)) sind(angle(k6)) 0
% % %     -sind(angle(k6)) cosd(angle(k6)) 0
% % %     0 0 1];
% % % trform=maketform('affine',l0)
% % % 
% % % tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
% % % transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
% % % figure,imview(transformedim);
% % %     end
% % % end
if (f4>=f2&f4>=f1&f4>=f3&f4>=f5&f4>=f6&f4>=f7&f4>=f8)
    if (k4<k2&k4<k3&k4<k5&k4<k6&k4<k7&k4<k1)
    l0=[cosd(angle(k4)) sind(angle(k4)) 0
    -sind(angle(k4)) cosd(angle(k4)) 0
    0 0 1];
trform=maketform('affine',l0);

tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
% figure,imview(transformedim);
    end
end
if (f5>=f2&f5>=f1&f5>=f3&f5>=f4&f5>=f6&f5>=f7&f5>=f8)
    if (k5<k2&k5<k3&k5<k4&k5<k6&k5<k7&k5<k8)
        l0=[cosd(angle(k5)) sind(angle(k5)) 0
    -sind(angle(k5)) cosd(angle(k5)) 0
    0 0 1];
trform=maketform('affine',l0);

tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
% figure,imview(transformedim);
    end
end
    if (f6>=f2&f6>=f1&f6>=f3&f6>=f4&f6>=f5&f6>=f7&f6>=f8)
    if (k6<k1&k6<k3&k6<k4&k6<k5&k6<k7&k6<k8)
      l0=[cosd(angle(k6)) sind(angle(k6)) 0
    -sind(angle(k6)) cosd(angle(k6)) 0
    0 0 1];
trform=maketform('affine',l0);

tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
% figure,imview(transformedim);
    end
    end
  if (f7>=f2&f7>=f1&f7>=f3&f7>=f4&f7>=f5&f7>=f6&f7>=f8)
    if (k7<k1&k7<k2&k7<k4&k7<k5&k7<k6&k7<k8)
      l0=[cosd(angle(k7)) sind(angle(k7)) 0
    -sind(angle(k7)) cosd(angle(k7)) 0
    0 0 1];
trform=maketform('affine',l0);

tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
% figure,imview(transformedim);
    end
    end

    if (f8>=f2&f8>=f1&f8>=f3&f8>=f4&f8>=f5&f8>=f7&f8>=f6)
      if (k8<k1&k8<k3&k8<k2&k8<k5&k8<k7&k8<k6)
        l0=[cosd(angle(k8)) sind(angle(k8)) 0
      -sind(angle(k8)) cosd(angle(k8)) 0
      0 0 1];
  trform=maketform('affine',l0);

tformfwd([cx cy],trform);
transformedim=imtransform(j,trform);
% figure,imview(transformedim);
    end
  end
  figure,imshow(transformedim);
  h01=double(transformedim);

% h1=houghl(h01);
% figure(4),imshow(h1,[]);
  [h0,t]=edge(transformedim,'roberts',0.00001,'horizontal');
 h1= im2double(h0);
  h2=fspecial('gaussian',2,15);
 h3=imfilter(h1,h2,'replicate');
 h4=im2bw(h1,0.00001*graythresh(h3));
 fth=bwmorph(h4,'skel',5);
%     z1=skelztn(h4);
%     fth=bwmorph(h4,'thin',inf);
    z2=double(imcomplement(fth));
    z3=h01()-z2();
    z3=logical(z3);
    z4=bwmorph(z3,'spur',inf);
    z4=mat2gray(double(z4));
    z4(:,2:12)=[];
    z4(1:23,:)=[];
    [x1,y1]=size(z4);
%     se=strel('disk',1);
%     fo=imopen(z4,se);
%     fclo=imclose(fo,se);
     %     z1=skelztn(z3);
%     z4=xor(z1,z3);
        figure,imshow(z4);

%         z5=cutboarder(z4);
%       figure(6),imview(z5);   
%        
%     z7=cooccurencemat(z4,2,-1,0);
%%%%%%***GlobalFeatures***%%%%%%%%%
for i1=1:1:x1
    for d1=1:1:y1
     if z4(i1,d1)==0
         s1=i1;
         r1=d1;
         break
     end
    end
end
for i2=x1:-1:1
    for d2=1:1:y1
     if z4(i2,d2)==0
         s2=i2;
         r2=d2;
         break;
     end
    end
end
height=s1-s2;

for d3=1:1:y1
    for i3=1:1:x1
     if z4(i3,d3)==0
         s3=d3;
         r3=i3;
         break
     end
    end
end
    for d4=y1:-1:1
    for i4=1:1:x1
     if z4(i4,d4)==0
         s4=d4;
         r4=i4;
         break
     end
    end
    end
width_norma=s3-s4;
aspect_ratio=height/width_norma;
sum_z4=sum(sum(z4));
black_area=(x1*y1)-sum_z4;
count=0;
for c1=s2:1:x1
    if z4(c1,r2)==0
        count=count+1;
    end
end
abs_height1=count;
count1=0;
for c2=s3:1:y1
    if z4(r3,s3)==0
        count1=count1+1;
    end
end
abs_width=count1;
%     z7=cooccurencemat(z4,4,1,0);
% **** grid features********
j=logical(j);
fs1=j(1:x/2,:);
fs2=j(:,1:y/2);
[xf1,yf1]=size(fs1);
 sum_fs1=sum(sum(fs1));
no_black1=(xf1*yf1)-sum_fs1;
% Fs2=J(:,1:Y/2);
[xf2,yf2]=size(fs2);
sum_fs2=sum(sum(fs2));
no_black2=(xf2*yf2)-sum_fs2;
fs3=fs1(1:xf1/2,:);
[xf3,yf3]=size(fs3);
sum_fs3=sum(sum(fs3));
no_black3=(xf3*yf3)-sum_fs3;
fs4=fs1(:,1:yf1/2);
[xf4,yf4]=size(fs4);
sum_fs4=sum(sum(fs4));
no_black4=(xf4*yf4)-sum_fs4;
fs5=fs2(1:xf2/2,:);
[xf5,yf5]=size(fs5);
sum_fs5=sum(sum(fs5));
no_black5=(xf5*yf5)-sum_fs5;
fs6=fs2(:,1:yf2/2);
[xf6,yf6]=size(fs6);
sum_fs6=sum(sum(fs6));
no_black6=(xf6*yf6)-sum_fs6;
fs7=fs3(1:xf3/2,:);
[xf7,yf7]=size(fs7);
sum_fs7=sum(sum(fs7));
no_black7=(xf7*yf7)-sum_fs7;
fs8=fs3(:,1:yf3/2);
[xf8,yf8]=size(fs8);
sum_fs8=sum(sum(fs8));
no_black8=(xf8*yf8)-sum_fs8;
fs9=fs4(1:xf4/2,:);
[xf9,yf9]=size(fs9);
sum_fs9=sum(sum(fs9));
no_black9=(xf9*yf9)-sum_fs9;
fs10=fs4(:,1:yf4/2);
[xf10,yf10]=size(fs10);
sum_fs10=sum(sum(fs10));
no_black10=(xf10*yf10)-sum_fs10;
 gri_featu=[no_black1,no_black2,no_black3,no_black4,no_black5,no_black6,no_black7,no_black8,no_black9,no_black10];  

   clc;
  %  save('template file', 'aspect_ratio','abs_height1','abs_width','gri_featu','z4')

[Walter Roberson]

Which line is the problem occurring on? What are the size() of each variable involved in the expression?

Why is that glob of code at the end not written in terms of cell arrays?

http://matlab.wikia.com/wiki/FAQ#How_can_I_create_variables_A1.2C_A2.2C....2CA10_in_a_loop.3F

Answer 1

[Walter Roberson]

The image is probably being received as an RGB image, which would be 3 dimensional. You are then trying to combine it with a 2 dimensional variable.

I suggest that you should use

j = rgb2gray(j);

just before your line

[x,y]=size(j);

[Suresh Matyal]

Thanks