Main Content

phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths

Isospeed multipath sonar channel

expand all in page

Description

The phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths System object™ creates an underwater acoustic channel to propagate narrowband sound from point to point. The channel has finite constant depth with air-water and water-bottom interfaces. Both interfaces are planar and horizontal. Sound speed is constant throughout the channel. The object generates multiple propagation paths in the channel using the acoustical method of images (see [3]). Because sound speed is constant, all propagation paths are straight lines between the source, boundaries, and receiver. There is always one direct line-of-sight path. For each propagation path, the object outputs range-dependent time delay, gain, Doppler factor, reflection loss, and spreading loss. You can use the channel data as input to the multipath sound propagator, phased.MultipathChannel.

To model an isospeed channel :

  1. Define and set up the channel. You can set phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths System object properties at construction time or leave them to their default values. See Construction. Some properties that you set at construction time can be changed later. These properties are tunable.

  2. To create the multipath channel, call the step method of phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths. The output of the method depends on the properties of the phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths System object. You can change tunable properties at any time.

Note

Instead of using the step method to perform the operation defined by the System object, you can call the object with arguments, as if it were a function. For example, y = step(obj,x) and y = obj(x) perform equivalent operations.

Construction

channel = phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths creates an isospeed multipath underwater channel System object, channel.

channel = phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths(Name,Value) creates an isospeed multipath underwater channel System object, channel, with each specified property Name set to the specified Value. You can specify additional name and value pair arguments in any order as (Name1,Value1,...,NameN,ValueN).

Properties

expand all

Channel depth, specified as a positive scalar. Units are in meters.

Example: 250.0

Data Types: double

Underwater sound propagation speed, specified as a positive scalar. Units are in meter per second. The default value is a commonly-used underwater sound propagation speed.

Example: 1502.0

Data Types: double

The source of the number of propagation paths, specified as 'Auto' or 'Property'. If you set this property to 'Auto', the object automatically determines the number of paths based on spreading and reflection losses. If you set this property to 'Property', you specify the number of paths using the NumPaths property.

When NumPathsSource is set to 'Auto', only paths having a total loss greater than 20 dB below the direct path loss are returned.

Example: 'Property'

Data Types: char

The number of propagation paths, specified as a positive integer between 1 and 51, inclusive.

Example: 11

Dependencies

To enable this property, set the NumPathsSource property to 'Property'.

Data Types: double

Channel coherence time, specified as a nonnegative scalar. Coherence time is a measure of the temporal stability of the channel. The object keeps a record of cumulative step time. When the cumulative step time exceeds the coherence time, propagation paths are recomputed and the cumulative step time is reset to zero. If you set this quantity to zero, the propagation paths are update at each call to step. Units are in seconds.

Example: 5.0

Data Types: double

Bottom reflection loss, specified as a nonnegative scalar. This value applies to each bottom reflection of a path. Units are in dB.

Example: 10

Data Types: double

Frequencies for which to compute absorption loss, specified as a positive real-valued vector. Units are in Hz.

Example: [1000:100:3000]

Data Types: double

Enable two-way propagation, specified as a false or true. Set this property to true to perform round-trip propagation between the signal origin and the destination. Set this property to false to perform only one-way propagation from the origin to the destination.

Example: true

Data Types: logical

Methods

resetReset state of System object
stepCreate propagation paths in an isospeed multipath sound channel
Common to All System Objects
release

Allow System object property value changes

Examples

collapse all

Open Live Script

Create a 5-path underwater sound channel and display the propagation path matrix. Assume the source is stationary and the receiver is moving along the x-axis towards the source at 20 kph. Assume one-way propagation.

speed = -20*1000/3600;
numpaths = 5;
channelpaths = phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths('ChannelDepth',200,'BottomLoss',10, ...
    'NumPathsSource','Property','NumPaths',numpaths,'CoherenceTime',5);
tstep = 1;
srcpos = [0;0;-160];
rcvpos = [500;0;-50];
srcvel = [0;0;0];
rcvvel = [speed;0;0];
pathmat = channelpaths(srcpos,rcvpos,srcvel,rcvvel,tstep);
disp(pathmat)
    0.3356    0.3556    0.4687    0.3507    0.3791
    1.0000   -1.0000   -0.3162    0.3162   -0.3162
   54.1847   54.6850   57.0766   54.5652   55.2388

The first row contains the time delay in seconds. The second row contains the bottom reflection loss coefficients, and the third row contains the spreading loss in dB. The reflection loss coefficient for the first path is 1.0 because the direct path has no boundary reflections. The reflection loss coefficient for the second path is -1.0 because the path has only a surface reflection.

Open Live Script

Create a 7-path underwater sound channel and display the propagation path matrix. Assume the source is stationary and the target is moving along the x-axis towards the source at 20 kph. Assume two-way propagation.

speed = -20*1000/3600;
numpaths = 7;
channelpaths = phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths('ChannelDepth',200,'BottomLoss',10, ...
    'NumPathsSource','Property','NumPaths',numpaths,'CoherenceTime',5,...
    'TwoWayPropagation',true);
tstep = 1;
srcpos = [0;0;-160];
tgtpos = [500;0;-50];
srcvel = [0;0;0];
tgtvel = [speed;0;0];
[pathmat,dop,aloss,tgtangs,srcangs] = channelpaths(srcpos,tgtpos,srcvel,tgtvel,tstep);
disp(pathmat)
    0.6712    0.7112    0.9374    1.0354    0.7014    0.7581    1.0152
    1.0000    1.0000    0.1000    0.1000    0.1000    0.1000    0.0100
  108.3693  109.3699  114.1531  115.8772  109.1304  110.4775  115.5355

The first row contains the time delay in seconds. The second row contains the bottom reflection loss coefficients, and the third row contains the spreading loss in dB. The reflection loss coefficient for the first path is 1.0 because the direct path has no boundary reflections. The reflection loss coefficient for the second path is -1.0 because the path has only a surface reflection.

Open Live Script

Create an underwater sound channel and plot the combined received signal. Automatically find the number of paths. Assume that the source is stationary and that the receiver is moving along the x-axis toward the source at 20 km/h. Assume the default one-way propagation.

speed = -20*1000/3600;
channel = phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths('ChannelDepth',200,'BottomLoss',5, ...
    'NumPathsSource','Auto','CoherenceTime',5);
tstep = 1;
srcpos = [0;0;-160];
rcvpos = [500;0;-50];
srcvel = [0;0;0];
rcvvel = [speed;0;0];

Compute the path matrix, Doppler factor, and losses. The propagator outputs 51 paths output but some paths can contain Nan values.

[pathmat,dop,absloss,rcvangs,srcangs] = channel(srcpos,rcvpos,srcvel,rcvvel,tstep);

Create of a 100 Hz signal with 500 samples. Assume that all the paths have the same signal. Use a phased.MultipathChannel System object™ to propagate the signals to the receiver. phased.MultipathChannel accepts as input all paths produced by phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths but ignores paths that have NaN values.

fs = 1e3;
nsamp = 500;
propagator = phased.MultipathChannel('OperatingFrequency',10e3,'SampleRate',fs);
t = [0:(nsamp-1)]'/fs;
sig0 = sin(2*pi*100*t);
numpaths = size(pathmat,2);
sig = repmat(sig0,1,numpaths);
propsig = propagator(sig,pathmat,dop,absloss);

Plot the real part of the coherent sum of the propagated signals.

plot(t*1000,real(sum(propsig,2)))
xlabel('Time (millisec)')

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with xlabel Time (millisec) contains an object of type line.

Open Live Script

Compare the duration of a propagated signal from a stationary sonar to that of a moving sonar. The moving sonar has a radial velocity of 25 m/s away from the target. In each case, propagate the signal along a single path. Assume one-way propagation.

Define the sonar system parameters: maximum unambiguous range, required range resolution, operating frequency, and propagation speed.

maxrange = 5000.0;
rngres = 10.0;
fc = 20.0e3;
csound = 1520.0;

Use a rectangular waveform for the transmitted signal.

prf = csound/(2*maxrange);
pulseWidth = 8*rngres/csound;
pulseBW = 1/pulseWidth;
fs = 80*pulseBW;
waveform = phased.RectangularWaveform('PulseWidth',pulseWidth,'PRF',prf, ...
    'SampleRate',fs);

Specify the sonar positions.

sonarplatform1 = phased.Platform('InitialPosition',[0;0;-60],'Velocity',[0;0;0]);
sonarplatform2 = phased.Platform('InitialPosition',[0;0;-60],'Velocity',[0;-25;0]);

Specify the target position.

targetplatform = phased.Platform('InitialPosition',[0;500;-60],'Velocity',[0;0;0]);

Define the underwater path and propagation channel objects.

paths = phased.IsoSpeedUnderwaterPaths('ChannelDepth',100, ...
    'CoherenceTime',0,'NumPathsSource','Property','NumPaths',1, ...
    'PropagationSpeed',csound);
propagator = phased.MultipathChannel('SampleRate',fs,'OperatingFrequency',fc);

Create the transmitted waveform.

wav = waveform();
nsamp = size(wav,1);
rxpulses = zeros(nsamp,2);
t = (0:nsamp-1)/fs;

Transmit the signal and then receive the echo at the stationary sonar.

[pathmat,dop,aloss,~,~] = paths(sonarplatform1.InitialPosition, ...
    targetplatform.InitialPosition,sonarplatform1.InitialVelocity, ...
    targetplatform.InitialVelocity,1/prf);
rxpulses(:,1) = propagator(wav,pathmat,dop,aloss);

Transmit and receive at the moving sonar.

[pathmat,dop,aloss,~,~] = paths(sonarplatform2.InitialPosition, ...
    targetplatform.InitialPosition,sonarplatform2.Velocity, ...
    targetplatform.Velocity,1/prf);
rxpulses(:,2) = propagator(wav,pathmat,dop,aloss);

Plot the received pulses.

plot(abs(rxpulses))
xlim([490 650])
ylim([0 1.65e-3])
legend('Stationary sonar','Moving sonar')
xlabel('Received Sample Time (sec)')
ylabel('Integrated Received Pulses')

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with xlabel Received Sample Time (sec), ylabel Integrated Received Pulses contains 2 objects of type line. These objects represent Stationary sonar, Moving sonar.

The signal received at the moving sonar has increased in duration compared to the stationary sonar.

References

[1] Urick, R.J. Principles of Underwater Sound, 3rd Edition. New York: Peninsula Publishing, 1996.

[2] Sherman, C.S. and J.Butler Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound. New York: Springer, 2007.

[3] Allen, J.B. and D. Berkely, “Image method for efficiently simulating small-room acoustics”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol 65, No. 4. April 1979.

Extended Capabilities

Version History

Introduced in R2017a

See Also

Objects

Topics