ゲートベースの量子計算

ゲートベースの量子計算アルゴリズム
R2023a 以降

量子ゲートおよび回路を作成し、ローカルコンピューターで回路をシミュレーションし、Amazon^® Web Services (AWS^®) または IBM^® Qiskit^® Runtime Services を使用してリモートハードウェアで回路を実行します。

クラス

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量子回路とゲート

`quantumCircuit`	量子計算回路
`quantum.gate.SimpleGate`	Simple gate for quantum computing
`quantum.gate.CompositeGate`	Composite gate for quantum computing

量子状態と測定

`quantum.gate.QuantumState`	State of qubits in quantum circuit
`quantum.gate.QuantumMeasurement`	Measurement result of quantum circuit

量子デバイスとタスク

`quantum.backend.QuantumDeviceAWS`	Quantum device available through AWS
`quantum.backend.QuantumTaskAWS`	Task sent to AWS for execution on quantum device
`quantum.backend.QuantumDeviceIBM`	Quantum device available through IBM (R2023b 以降)
`quantum.backend.QuantumTaskIBM`	Task sent to IBM for execution on quantum device (R2023b 以降)

プロパティ

QuantumCircuitChart Properties

Quantum circuit plot appearance and behavior (R2023b 以降)

関数

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ゲート作成関数

1 つのターゲット量子ビットでのゲート

`hGate`	Hadamard gate
`idGate`	Identity gate
`xGate`	Pauli X gate
`yGate`	Pauli Y gate
`zGate`	Pauli Z gate

回転ゲート

`rxGate`	x-axis rotation gate
`ryGate`	y-axis rotation gate
`rzGate`	z-axis rotation gate
`r1Gate`	z-axis rotation gate with global phase
`sGate`	S gate
`siGate`	Inverse S gate
`tGate`	T gate
`tiGate`	Inverse T gate

1 つのコントロール量子ビットと 1 つのターゲット量子ビットをもつゲート

`chGate`	Controlled Hadamard gate
`cnotGate`	CNOT gate (controlled X gate)
`cxGate`	Controlled X gate (CNOT gate)
`cyGate`	Controlled Y gate
`czGate`	Controlled Z gate

2 つの量子ビットの状態を入れ替えるゲート

swapGate Swap gate

制御された回転ゲート

`crxGate`	Controlled x-axis rotation gate
`cryGate`	Controlled y-axis rotation gate
`crzGate`	Controlled z-axis rotation gate
`cr1Gate`	Controlled z-axis rotation gate with global phase

制御された制御 X ゲート

ccxGate Controlled controlled X gate (CCNOT or Toffoli gate)

イジングカップリングゲート

`rxxGate`	Ising XX coupling gate
`ryyGate`	Ising YY coupling gate
`rzzGate`	Ising ZZ coupling gate

複合ゲートおよび特殊ゲート

`compositeGate`	Construct composite gate for quantum computing
`qftGate`	Quantum Fourier transform gate
`initGate`	Initialization gate with specified qubit states (R2023b 以降)
`unitaryGate`	Unitary matrix gate (R2023b 以降)
`mcxGate`	Multi-controlled X gate

一様に制御された回転ゲート

`ucrxGate`	Uniformly controlled x-axis rotation gate (R2023b 以降)
`ucryGate`	Uniformly controlled y-axis rotation gate (R2023b 以降)
`ucrzGate`	Uniformly controlled z-axis rotation gate (R2023b 以降)

トピック

基本とワークフロー

Introduction to Quantum Computing
This topic contains background information about qubits, quantum gates, and quantum circuits.
量子ゲートのタイプ
このトピックでは、量子アルゴリズムを作成するための量子ゲートのさまざまなタイプについて説明します。
ローカル量子状態シミュレーション
このトピックでは、量子回路をローカルでシミューレートしてシミュレーション結果を解析する方法について説明します。
Run Quantum Circuit on Hardware Using AWS
This topic describes how to run quantum circuits on remote hardware using Amazon Web Services.
Run Quantum Circuit on Hardware Using IBM Qiskit Runtime Services
This topic describes how to run quantum circuits on remote hardware using IBM Qiskit Runtime Services.

注目の例

Graph Coloring with Grover's Algorithm

Use Grover's algorithm on a quantum computer to solve graph coloring problems. Grover's algorithm, also called the quantum search algorithm, is a fast method to perform unstructured searches. This example applies the algorithm to a problem where a bit string of a given length is classified as valid or invalid, and the goal is to retrieve one of the valid bit strings. The algorithm uses a state oracle to determine whether a bit string is valid. Although this application of Grover's algorithm is not the most efficient method to solve the graph coloring problem in practice, it illustrates how a quantum algorithm can be applied to a well-known problem.

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Ground-State Protein Folding Using Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE)

An efficient method for using qubits to encode a protein fold on a 3-D tetrahedral lattice [1], [2]. The ground-state is found through a simulated variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) routine. The VQE algorithm uses classical optimization to improve the initial guess of the ground state, and then a quantum computer calculates the expectation value. The final circuit from the simulation is run on a real QPU for comparison.

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Solve XOR Problem Using Quantum Neural Network (QNN)

Solve the XOR problem using a trained quantum neural network (QNN). You use the network to classify the classical data of 2-D coordinates. A QNN is a machine learning model that combines quantum computing layers and classical layers. This example shows how to train such a hybrid network for a classification problem that is nonlinearly separable, such as the exclusive-OR (XOR) problem.

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Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) Simulation

Use Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation in MATLAB® to compute the mean of a function of a random variable. There are a broad range of tasks in finance and economics that depend on Monte Carlo simulation, from option pricing to macroeconomic stress testing. While this example does not explore computational efficiency, research shows that QMC offers a quadratic speed-up compared to classic Monte Carlo methods.

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