Yes. Different cameras support different frame rates.
If there is a direct connection, such as USB or ethernet, then different interfaces support different transfer rates and different latencies. If a data acquisition card is being used, different bus interfaces make a difference, as do different manufactures and models of cards.
As well, the choice of software driver makes a difference.
Then there are other factors such as your operating system, your RAM, the number of cores you have, and what else is running on your system, and how you have configured your anti-virus scanners.
On MS Windows systems, MATLAB cannot operate in "real time" because MS Windows is not a real-time operating system. (OS-X and Linux allow real-time modes for software written to support that, but MATLAB has not been so written. There are, though, some situations in which data transfer is faster or lower latency on OS-X and Linux.)
If you need very consistent frame rates, then MATLAB itself is not appropriate; you might, however, be able to use Simulink to generate software that could be compiled for real-time hardware.
