Why does the matlab runtime fail to start my compiled application

I have created a compiled executable of a MATLAB program. The executable works fine on the OSX El Capitan system that I am using. However, when attempting to run the program (with the correct runtime version, v901) on Mac OSX 10.8 (Mountain Lion), the program fails to start without giving any error message. I have already excluded that this is an issue related to Java and confirmed that the program works on two other El Capitan systems. I suspect that this may be related to some incompatibility issue with the runtime, but I have not idea what the problem is or how to fix it. Why does this happen? How do I create a compiled application that actually works on all OSX systems?