Relation between "Image" intensity and "Light" Intensity?

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Steven
Steven 2015 年 6 月 25 日
コメント済み: Image Analyst 2015 年 6 月 26 日
What is the relation between "Light" intensity and "Image" intensity?
Is there any reference that I can rad about it? I searched a lot, but couldn't find any!
Thank you so much.
Steven

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Image Analyst
Image Analyst 2015 年 6 月 25 日
Welcome to the very confusing field of optical units. An image does not have units of intensity. See the table of the bottom of this page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candela I'm surprised you couldn't find anything because there is tons of information out there, unfortunately it will make your head spin unless you have a Ph.D. in optics (sometimes even if you do, speaking from personal experience). The units of an image are like joules, or in photometric units lux*m^2*seconds, which is lumens*seconds, which is candela*steradian*second (to get it into all base SI units). Anyway, think of it as a measure of energy (or luminous energy). Let's use regular radiometric units instead of photometric (luminous) units (which are restricted to the human visual range and a lot more complicated). So you have optical power hitting your sensor. Like 10 watts over an area of 1 cm by 1 cm. Now the CCD well integrates those photons. Each pixel might be 5 microns by 5 microns. So now we have watts per area multiplied by the area. That's how many watts are integrated by that pixel. But the pixel only integrates for a certain number of seconds, and watts is joules per second, so you have watts*seconds = (joules/second)*second = joules. That's why I say it's like joules or energy.
OK, that's more than you wanted to know, so I won't even bother to go into the "intensity" of a light source which is even more complicated. Even the "experts" don't agree. For example the American Institute of Physics says that the "intensity" of a light source is W/steradian, yet intensity is an SI Base quantity (like meter, kg, second, ampere, kelvin, and mole) and it's units are candela. My late optics professor, Jim Palmer of the College of Optics at the University of Arizona, got so worked up on the sloppy usage that he wrote a paper on it: "Getting intense about intensity", Metrologia, 1993, vol 30, pp. 371-372. I attach a partial screenshot of his paper, for educational purposes.
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Steven
Steven 2015 年 6 月 26 日
Thanks!
Based on your experience, which of the following is a better book for studying optics?
Optics by Hecht
Optics by M.V. Klein
or any other textbook you know much better?
Thanks so much!
Steven
Image Analyst
Image Analyst 2015 年 6 月 26 日
I'm not familiar with the Klein book. The Hecht book has been a standard introductory book for decades. It's very easy to follow and understand.

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Guillaume
Guillaume 2015 年 6 月 25 日
編集済み: Guillaume 2015 年 6 月 25 日
Assuming your image come from a camera, the Image intensity == the pixel values is proportional to the amount of light (the Light intensity) that has reached your sensor. The relationship between pixel value and amount of light may very well vary from pixel to pixel, and for a colour sensor will definitively vary from colour to colour. The camera vendor should be able to give you the spectral response of the camera (= sensitivity in each colour) and you can calibrate the individual pixel response with a uniform light source.
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Guillaume
Guillaume 2015 年 6 月 25 日
Note that this is very off-topic for this forum.
For a monochrome sensor, the amount of light received by the sensor is simply proportional to the pixel value. The proportionality constant varies from pixel to pixel though. If you want to know what that is, you will need to know the spectral response of your sensor at the wavelength of your laser and at the wavelength of a uniform light source that you'd use to calibrate your sensor.
Steven
Steven 2015 年 6 月 25 日
Thank you Guillaume.

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