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Generic Power System Stabilizer

Implement generic power system stabilizer for synchronous machine

Library

Simscape / Electrical / Specialized Power Systems / Electrical Machines / Synchronous Machine Control

  • Generic Power System Stabilizer block

Description

Note

This block requires that you have a Control System Toolbox™ license. Otherwise, trying to simulate a model containing this block produces an error.

The Generic Power System Stabilizer (PSS) block can be used to add damping to the rotor oscillations of the synchronous machine by controlling its excitation. The disturbances occurring in a power system induce electromechanical oscillations of the electrical generators. These oscillations, also called power swings, must be effectively damped to maintain the system stability. The output signal of the PSS is used as an additional input (vstab) to the Excitation System block. The PSS input signal can be either the machine speed deviation, dw, or its acceleration power, Pa = Pm - Peo (difference between the mechanical power and the electrical power).

The Generic Power System Stabilizer is modeled by the following nonlinear system:

To ensure a robust damping, the PSS should provide a moderate phase advance at frequencies of interest in order to compensate for the inherent lag between the field excitation and the electrical torque induced by the PSS action.

The model consists of a low-pass filter, a general gain, a washout high-pass filter, a phase-compensation system, and an output limiter. The general gain K determines the amount of damping produced by the stabilizer. The washout high-pass filter eliminates low frequencies that are present in the dw signal and allows the PSS to respond only to speed changes. The phase-compensation system is represented by a cascade of two first-order lead-lag transfer functions used to compensate the phase lag between the excitation voltage and the electrical torque of the synchronous machine.

Parameters

Sensor time constant

The time constant, in seconds (s), of the first-order low-pass filter used to filter the block's input signal. Default is 30e-3.

Gain

The overall gain K of the generic power system stabilizer. Default is 20.

Wash-out time constant

The time constant, in seconds (s), of the first-order high-pass filter used by the washout system of the model. Default is 2.

Lead-lag #1 time constants: [Tnum Tden]

The numerator time constant T1n and denominator time constant T1d, in seconds (s), of the first lead-lag transfer function. Default is [50e-3 20e-3].

Lead-lag #2 time constants: [Tnum Tden]

The numerator time constant T2n and denominator time constant T2d, in seconds (s), of the second lead-lag transfer function. Default is [3 5.4].

Output limits: [Vsmin Vsmax]

The limits VSmin and VSmax, in pu, imposed on the output of the stabilizer. Default is [-0.15 0.15].

Initial input

The initial DC voltage, in pu, of the block's input signal. Specification of this parameter is required to initialize all states and start the simulation in steady state with vstab set to zero. Default is 0.

Plot frequency response

If selected, a plot of the frequency response of the stabilizer is displayed when you click the Apply button. Default is cleared.

Magnitude in dB

The Magnitude in dB parameter is not visible if the Plot frequency response is not selected. If selected, the magnitude of the frequency response is plotted in dB. Default is selected.

Frequency range

The Frequency range parameter is not visible in the dialog box if the Plot frequency response is not selected. Specify the frequency range used to plot the frequency response of the stabilizer. Default is logspace(-2,2,500).

Inputs and Outputs

In

Two types of signals can be used at the input In:

  • The synchronous machine speed deviation dw signal (in pu)

  • The synchronous machine acceleration power Pa = Pm - Peo (difference between the machine mechanical power and output electrical power (in pu))

Vstab

The output is the stabilization voltage (in pu) to connect to the Vstab input of the Excitation System block used to control the terminal voltage of the synchronous machine.

Examples

See the help text of the power_PSS example model.

References

[1] Kundur, P., Power System Stability and Control, McGraw-Hill, 1994, Section 12.5.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a